- 學位論文
列維納斯的時間性研究—從《從存在到存在者》到《總體與無限》
A study of Levinas’s temporality —from Existence and Existents to Totality and Infinity
摘要
列維納斯（Emmanuel Levinas, 1906-1995）強調我們對於他者（the other）所負有的無限的倫理責任，試圖挽救和重構在二次世界大戰中崩解的道德。在某種意義上，可以說對時間（或時間性）的討論是列維納斯的獨特倫理思想得以成立的基礎，並且這些思考也貫穿了他的整個哲學生涯。本研究的關注點主要放在了從《從存在到存在者》（Existence and Existents）到《總體與無限》（Totality and Infinity），即側重在列維納斯的時間哲學之未來向度。 列維納斯在《從存在到存在者》中藉由逃離il y a確定起主體，並且在「享受」（jouissance）和「居所」(dwelling)中鞏固了主體的內在性，由此發現了時間的他異性，時間本身所具有的他異性（alterity）昭示出始終有外在於我們的他者等待著我們的回應（response）；而死亡、特別是他者的死亡則在孤獨的處境中扯開了缺口，使我們不得不去面對全然他異的未來、不得不去回應他者的質問，這一回應即是責任（responsibility）本身；最終，通過「愛慾」（Eros）和「生育」（fecundity），列維納斯跨越了「現在」和「未來」之間的深淵，邁向了無限時間。正是基於此，列維納斯激進的倫理學才得以可能。換言之，列維納斯思考時間的全部目的就在於，向我們指出他者的重要地位和優先性。
並列摘要
Levinas put forward our unlimited ethics responsibility for the others and tried to save and reconstruct the morality which was disintegrated during the Second World War. The discussion of time and temporality is the key foundation of Levinas’ featured ethical thought and span his entire philosophical career. The main focus of this study is from Existence and Existents to Totality and Infinity, which is the future dimension of Levinas’ time philosophy. In Existence and Existents, Levinas established the subject by escaping from il y a and reinforce the immanence of subject in the concepts of jouissance and dwelling. During this process, he discovered the alterity of time, which showed there was always the other waiting for our response. Death, especially the other’s death, ripped a hole in the lonely situation and forced us to face the totally alterities’ future and response the other’s questioning. The response is the responsibility itself. Finally, with the contribution of eros and fecundity, Levinas crossed the abyss between the present and the future and stepped into the infinite time. All these made Levinas’ radical ethics become possible. In other words, the entire purpose of his thoughts on time is to show us the important status and priority of the other.