社會住宅中的社會福利服務發展與挑戰：興隆社會住宅之初探

2012年台北市政府開始改建安康平價住宅為興隆社會住宅，其中包含30%的住戶為安康平宅保留戶(簡稱安康戶)及70%一般住戶。安康戶本就有著貧窮、單親、失業等各項議題，入住興隆社會住宅後議題繼續存在，另須承受生活改變帶來之壓力。為此，台北市社會局在社會住宅布建社會福利單位予以協助，然其執行層面較缺專文討論，爰本文欲探討社會福利服務在社會住宅之執行狀況與面臨之困境或挑戰，期供未來社會住宅之社會福利服務規劃之參考。本研究主要目的在探討在社會住宅提供福利服務之優勢與挑戰，並提出針對目前社會住宅福利服務之建議。研究者藉訪談12位在興隆社會住宅提供福利服務之工作者，蒐集社會住宅之福利服務執行狀況，並探討現行社會福利服務可調整之處，最後提出對社會住宅之福利服務規劃建議。本研究發現，在社會住宅內提供福利服務之優勢包含空間符合法規且可供服務使用者增加活動空間、福利服務服務可近性高，且駐點福利單位之間在活動舉辦與共案時配合度亦高。而社會住宅之福利服務所面臨的挑戰則在於：一、機構式的福利服務單位較偏向提供以機構內的服務對象為主的服務，在提供社會住宅內的住民之服務與促進社會住宅的住民融合較少；二、駐點之福利單位之間的福利服務較獨立運作而少連結；三、福利單位收取服務費用可能造成服務對象流失；四、就近服務社會住宅之居民導致個別化處遇困難；五、就近服務社會住宅之居民可能導致社工人身安全疑慮；六、原有提供之支持性服務因社會局終止委託，未能達成長期提供服務之目標。基於上述研究發現，本文提出以下建議：一、增加對社會住宅居民生活需求之相關福利服務。二、社會住宅之福利服務應保障社會住宅居民名額。三、政府對於社會住宅之駐點福利服務單位時，應考量住民的福利服務需求，有長期的設置規劃，減少短期變動，即使有變動時應有轉銜配套措施。四、設立社會住宅支持性服務中心專責提供社會住宅福利服務。五、社會住宅可增加就學相關福利服務。

關鍵字

社會住宅；社會福利服務；興隆社會住宅

並列摘要

In 2012, the Taipei City Government began converting Ankang Low-Rent Housing into Xinglong Public Housing, which consists of 30% of the original Ankang Low-Rent Housing tenants and 70% of the general households. The original Ankang Low-Rent Housing tenants were already facing various problems such as poverty, single-parent families, and unemployment. After the original Ankang Low-Rent Housing tenants moved into the Xinglong Public Housing, they continued to face issues and have been under pressure from the changes in their lives. In response, Social Affairs Bureau, Taipei City Government has built social welfare units in the social housing to assist. However, the implementation of this program is still relatively unexplained. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the implementation of social welfare services in social housing and the difficulties or challenges it faces, to provide reference material for the future planning of social welfare services in social housing. The main objective of this study is to examine the advantages and challenges of providing welfare services in social housing and to make recommendations regarding the current provision of welfare services in social housing. The researcher interviewed 12 social welfare service providers in Xinglong Public Housing to collect information on the implementation of social welfare services in the housing and explore the areas of adjustment in the existing social welfare services, and make recommendations on the planning of social welfare services in the housing. The study found that the advantages of providing social welfare services in social housing include: legally regulated and managed space, public facilities for users to increase their activity spaces, high accessibility to social housing services, and a high degree of coordination between the resident welfare units in organizing and co-producing activities. The challenges in providing social welfare services through social housing are: (1) Institutional welfare service units are more inclined to provide services mainly for the service users in the institution, and they are less likely to provide services for residents in social housing and promote the integration of residents in social housing. (2) The welfare services provided by the resident welfare units are more independent and less interlinked. (3) The charging of service fees by welfare units may result in the loss of clients. (4) The provision of services close to social housing residents makes it difficult to provide individualized services. (5) Residents of nearby social housing service could cause social worker's personal safety concerns. (6) The original support service provided by the Social Affairs Bureau was terminated due to the suspension of the commission, which failed to achieve the goal of providing long-term services. Based on the above findings, this paper makes the following recommendations. 1. Social welfare services should be increased to meet the needs of social housing residents. 2. Social welfare services in social housing should guarantee places for residents of social housing. 3. The government should consider the welfare service needs of residents when setting up welfare service units in social housing, and have a long-term setup plan to reduce short-term changes. Even if there are changes, there should be transitional supporting measures. 4. A social housing support service center should be established to provide social housing welfare services. 5. Social welfare services related to schooling can be added to social housing.