工業PaaS平台環境共創業務發展之關鍵因素研究

隨著工業物聯網與工業4.0的興起，許多企業開始將其部門、軟體、系統、資源和其他資訊等進行資訊連接匯集，進而建立工業物聯網平台。有些物聯網服務提供商以此為基礎，建立了工業PaaS (Platform as a Service) 平台，盡可能集結所有相關服務，提供合作夥伴所需的基礎資源與數位應用平台服務。這樣的平台能夠使供應商與其他合作企業進行共創，發展企業間協作流程的網絡與資訊服務，從碎片化的資料中萃取出資訊，提供商業洞見，促成數位轉型與價值創造。然而，進入一個創新的物聯網平台並進行共創，往往涉及到資料蒐集、工作流程、企業策略、與軟硬體整合等挑戰，並不是一個簡單的過程，也不是一家公司可以從頭做到尾，而是需要企業合作將良好的技術與完整的計劃才能共創成功轉型。因此，即使許多企業已經了解到導入工業PaaS平台並在此平台上進行共創，能為企業帶來拓展內外部的靈活性、減少工作時間與成本、提升效率，並與外部企業共享資源和技術等好處，但有部分企業會有所考量而降低共創意願。有鑑於此，本研究將透過個案研究與問卷調查，根據科技-組織-環境-合作 (Technology, Organization, Environment and Cooperation, TOEC) 模型，探討可能影響企業在工業PaaS平台上進行共創之因素。首先，透過個案研究與5家個案公司中高階主管進行半結構式訪談，整理出各構面中的影響變數，建構出初步的TOEC研究模型。接著，透過文獻比對設計各變數之問項，並藉由問卷調查進行模型實證，針對平台合作商以及有意願合作的企業或用戶，蒐集了316份有效問卷進行多元迴歸分析。研究結果表明，科技構面中的相對優勢、組織構面中的高階主管支持、環境構面中的合作夥伴，以及合作構面中合作共願與資源共享，皆會對企業在工業PaaS平台上進行共創之意願產生顯著而正向的影響。此外，廠商能力、轉型需求與政府政策不會顯著影響此意願。本研究透過混合研究方法來探討企業在工業PaaS平台上進行共創的意願，會受到哪些關鍵因素影響，並以質性加量性的研究方式，多方證實企業高階主管與員工對此研究主題的看法。此外，對平台的服務提供商或系統開發團隊來說，本研究將提供他們將來在制定平台策略、建立合作關係、制定平台願景、拓展平台功能等方面之建議，進而提升產業資源整合之能力。期望透過本研究，能夠為未來學術人員與產業主管提供研究與管理依據。

關鍵字

工業PaaS 平台；工業物聯網；科技-組織-環境-合作模型；共創；問卷調查

並列摘要

With the rise of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0, many companies have begun to integrate their departments, software, systems, resources, other information, and etcs to establish an IIoT platform. On this basis, some IoT service providers have established an industrial PaaS (Platform as a Service) platform to integrate all related services. Resources and services required by partners can thus be provided through digital application platform. Such platform can enable suppliers to Co-Creation with other cooperative enterprises, develop network and information services for collaboration between enterprises, extract information from fragmented data to provide business insights, facilitate digital transformation and value creation. However, entering an innovative IoT platform and Co-Creation on it often involves several challenges such as data collection, workflow design, corporate strategy, software and hardware integration, and etc. It is not a simple process which can be done by a single company. It is necessary for companies to apply good technology and intact plans to complete a successful transformation. Therefore, although many companies have noticed that entering an industrial PaaS platform and Co-Creation on that can bring companies the benefits of expanding internal and external flexibility, reducting working time and costs, improving effecienty and sharing resource and technology with external companies, some companies may still have concerns and lower their willingness to Co-Creation. In view of this, this study applies case studies and questionnaires to explore the factors that may affect companies' Co-Creation willigness on the industrial PaaS platform based on the technology-organization-environment-cooperation (TOEC) model. Firstly, through case studies, semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior executives of five companies to sort out the impact variables in each dimensions and a preliminary TOEC research model was constructed. Subsequently, through literature review, questions of each dimensions were designed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to verify the preliminary research model. For platform partners and enterprises willing to cooperate, 316 valid questionnaires were collected for multiple regression analysis. The research results show that the relative advantages of technology dimension, the top management support of organization dimension, the cooperation partner of environment dimension, and the collaborative vision and resource sharing of cooperative dimension will positively impact the company's willingness to Co-Creation on industrial PaaS platform. In addition, supplier capability, transformation demamd and government policy will not significantly affect that. This study uses mixed methods to explore the critical factors that affect the company’s willingness to Co-Creation on the industrial PaaS platform, and applies both qualitative and quantitative research method to ensure the view of corporate executives and employees on the research topic. In addition, for platform service providers or system development teams, this study will provide them suggestions on developing platform strategies and visions, establishing partnerships, expanding platform functions, and etcs, so as to enhance their ability to integrate industrial resources. It is expected that this study will can provide research and management basis for future academic researchers and industrial executives.