中國大陸互聯網互助平臺與互聯網相互保險發展與規制問題研究——以相互寶為例

2015年,中國大陸保險業監督管理委員會頒佈了《相互保險組織監管試行辦法》,就此開始了相互保險的浪潮。該辦法對中國保險立法在相互保險上的空白做了部分填充,為中國相互保險機構的運作提供了政策性的支持。同一時期開始，許多互助平臺也紛紛出現，行業內以18年出現的相互寳規模最大，也最爲典型。本文從相互寳出發，首先介紹了這款互助產品的特點，而後論述了相互保險組織的內涵和特徵,梳理了相互保險組織的發展歷程,並與互助平臺進行對比。再通過研究美國lemonade案例、德國friendsurance案例和世界各國監管經驗，發現在當前,中國大陸相互保險發展所面臨的重要問題是監管立法層次低、監管內容規定不健全、行業准入條件寬鬆、缺少行業退出程序、缺少組織變更方式、缺少金融消費者權益保護等。最後提出優化中國大陸互聯網背景下相互保險組織相關法律制度的有效建議,從相互保險和互聯網金融兩個方面討論，具體包括如完善監管制度、制定明確的相關法律法規、建立行業協會、完善對組織章程的監管、規範組織變更方式、規範資訊揭露制度等。

關鍵字

互助平臺；互聯網金融；相互保險

並列摘要

In 2015, the Mainland China Insurance Regulatory Commission promulgated the "Trial Measures for the Supervision of Mutual Insurance Organizations", which began the wave of mutual insurance. This approach partially fills in the gaps in Chinese insurance legislation on mutual insurance, and provides policy support for the operation of Chinese mutual insurance institutions. Since the same period, many mutual assistance platforms have also appeared, and the largest mutual treasure in the industry in 18 years is also the most typical. Starting from Hubao, this article first introduces the characteristics of this mutual assistance product, and then discusses the connotation and characteristics of mutual insurance organizations, combs the development process of mutual insurance organizations, and compares with mutual assistance platforms. Then through the study of the American lemonade case, the German friendsurance case and the regulatory experience of various countries in the world, it is found that at present, the important issues facing the development of mutual insurance in mainland China are the low level of regulatory legislation, unsound regulations on regulatory content, loose industry access conditions, and lack of industries. Exit procedures, lack of organizational changes, lack of financial consumer rights protection, etc. Finally, it puts forward effective suggestions for optimizing the relevant legal systems of mutual insurance organizations in the context of mainland China ’s Internet, and brings together discussions on mutual insurance and Internet finance, including specific aspects such as improving the regulatory system, formulating clear related laws and regulations, establishing industry associations, and improving Supervision of the organization charter, standardization of organization change methods, standardization of information disclosure system, etc.