摘要
電車難題作為一個經典的思想實驗一直被許多專家學者所研究討論，其中效益論和義務論兩個理論的衝突成為電車難題的核心問題，電車難題提出至今未有一個公認合理的答案。而Francis Myrna Kamm、Judith Jarvis Thomson,又是研究電車難題的知名學者，他們對電車難題的發展起到至關重要的作用。 首先，本文從電車難題的產生及發展開始，會將Thomson兩篇以及Kamm一篇代表性的文章進行介紹，並且本文隨後對其中一些觀點提出不同看法進行討論，並認為按照Thomson及Kamm的思路不能提供令人滿意的答案，因為電車難題的道德抉擇是有許多因素影響的。 其次，本文先解析雙重效應原則，隨後對Thomson提出電車難題的一些問題進行討論，進一步分析雙重效應原則是否有助於解決電車難題，雙重效應原則的不足之處為何，並期望雙重效應原則隨著科學技術的發展，理論可以進一步的得到完善，進而促進電車難題的解決。 最後文章以電車難題為基礎，對未來自動化化自動駕駛技術的理論基礎進行討論，希望通過電車難題可以為自動化化自動駕駛技術提供一定的參考價值。本文期望綜合多方面的理論可以讓電車難題在一定程度上得到解釋，期望對以後繼續研究電車難題有所助益。
並列摘要
As a classical thought experiment, the trolley problem has been studied and discussed by numerous experts and scholars. Coming up in the conflict between utilitarian theory and deontology, the problem has not yet been answered with a universally accepted sound solution until now. Nevertheless, Francis Myrna Kamm, Judith Jarvis Thomson, the well-known researchers working on the trolley problem, have devoted essential contribution on its growth. At the beginning, two of Thomson's and one of Kamm's representative articles are introduced in this paper from the origin to the progress of the trolley problem, followed by some distinct opinions and discussions on their certain viewpoints. Hereinto, it is considered that the ideas of Thomson and Kamm could not offer satisfying solutions, since the ethnical choice of trolley problem is affected by many various factors. Thereafter, the doctrine of double effect is interpreted firstly. After that, some issues of Thomas putting forward the trolley problem are discussed, with additional analysis on the drawbacks of the doctrine of double effect and whether it helps with the solution being carried out. Meanwhile, with the staggering steps of the science and technology, the doctrine of double effect theory is expected to be further improved to promote the solution of the trolley problem. Ultimately, based on the trolley problem, the theoretical foundation of future unmanned autopilot technique is discussed in this paper, hoping for providing some referential significance for its advance through the trolley problem. In this paper, it is projected to explain the trolley problem to some extent via comprehensive theories, as well as benefiting its subsequent study.