中國與印尼經貿研究：從世界體系理論角度切入

當今的世界局勢，基本在資本主義塑造的現代世界體系架構下運行，由於存在位階差異的關係，因此不平等交易與剝削的狀況始終發生在國際經貿往來當中。隨著中國在改革開放之後的快速經濟發展，甚至於2013年提出影響世界格局的「一帶一路」倡議，都顯示中國正在設法持續透過資本累積進而在國際局勢中擴張自身的影響力。在「一帶一路」倡議的合作夥伴中，東南亞地區最具影響力的國家即是印尼，身為東協最大的經濟體，通常被視為東協中天然的「領航者」，因此中國在向外擴張勢力的進程中，印尼扮演了指標性的角色。然而中國身為世界體系中半邊陲的發展後發國家，要在區域與全球範圍內拓展勢力，勢必將遭遇來自既有中心與前段半邊陲國家的阻撓，因為一國的崛起意味著另一國的衰弱，因此如何化解這些困境，將成未來中國發展的重要課題。本論文主要將從世界體系理論的角度切入探究中國在體系內的發展，並且聚焦於中國與印尼的雙邊關係，透過研究中國與東南亞最大經濟體的經貿往來，首先觀察中國與印尼各自的經貿特質，與印尼在「一帶一路」倡議中的角色，確立兩國在世界體系中的定位與職能。並且依據中國與印尼近數十年來的經貿往來行為，觀察兩國經貿往來的現況與特性，分析中國是否確實存在從半邊陲地帶進發至中心的野心，如果存在那麼其表現為何。身為當今現代世界體系中最大的半邊陲國家，在試圖進入中心地帶的過程中，勢必需要應對來自各方的挑戰。以中國與印尼雙邊經貿關係為例，過程中不但需要面對來自印尼內部對於中國的不信任感與抗拒心理，更要遭遇來自東亞地區傳統中心國家的阻礙。本論文除了將分析這些來自印尼「內部」與「外部」的挑戰外，也將透過中國可能採取的「微觀」與「宏觀」應對途徑，探究中國將如何化解在成為中心國家的過程中遭遇的各種障礙。

關鍵字

現代世界體系；地緣經濟；「一帶一路」倡議；中國崛起

並列摘要

The current international order is basically working under the modern world system which is shaped by the capitalism, because of the essence of capitalism, the situation of uneven trade and exploited relations occur in the system. Based on the world system theory, we can expect that China is expanding its’ global influence by continuous capital accumulation from world trade, economic relations and the One Belt One Road Initiative. Indonesia is one of the most important partners in the One Belt One Road Initiative, who is generally seen as the “natural leader” in the Southeast Asian region. Thus, Indonesia plays as an iconic role in the period of the China’s rise. This thesis will focus on the relation between China and Indonesia in the modern world system, and inter relations with other critical countries. Frist of all, illustrating what roles that China and Indonesia play in the modern world system, which will show the characteristics of the economic relation between two nations. Eventually, the study will try to identify the China’s ambition to entering into the core, and what actions will show its’ ambition. As an aggressive semi-peripheral country trying to enter the core, China will face the challenges from all perspectives. As the sample of relation between China and Indonesia in the modern world system, China not only has to deal with the challenges from Indonesia itself, but also have to face the challenges from the traditional core nations. Since according to the world system theory, a nation’s rise means a nation’s fall, therefore, it’s critical for China to fine out the solutions for dealing the challenges. The thesis will also study on what will be the “micro” and “macro” solutions that china might take, which will individually deal with the challenges from the Indonesia itself and the traditional core countries. Realizing the relation between China and Indonesia by world system theory can provide the valuable reference for the future scholars who are interested in the studies related to China, Indonesia and modern world system theory.