- 學位論文
電影《小丑》的敘事及徵候性意義分析
Analysis on Narration and Symptomatic Significance of Joker
摘要
小丑(Joker)為DC漫畫中最著名的反派，首次登場至今80年間一直備受歡迎，1960年代後多次登上大銀幕與小螢幕。2019年的《小丑》上映前並不被看好，卻出乎意料拿下威尼斯影展金獅獎，飾演「小丑」的菲尼克斯更橫掃所有演技獎項，最終登上奧斯卡影帝寶座；本片全球票房亦突破十億美金，獎項票房雙豐收，一時風光無兩。 然而當本片載譽全球上映後，竟爆發鼓吹私刑的爭議與恐攻疑慮，軍警出動鎮守影院，影評紛紛給出負評，觀眾反應更是趨向兩極。《小丑》失去首部榮獲金獅獎的漫改片之光環，成為眾矢之的。 為了解本片呈現方式何以具有煽動性，本文以《小丑》為研究對象，採用文本分析法研究，以特魯比的七大故事關鍵步驟分析敘事、特納的二元對立法解析徵候性意義，並輔以巴赫汀的嘉年華理論及拉岡的精神分析理論，分析人物的精神狀態與行動，以了解： 一、《小丑》如何建立敘事結構、刻劃情節，以塑造「小丑」一角？ 二、表面敘事下的深層敘事中，本片隱含的意義？ 本文分析結果為：本片將個人行為歸咎於社會，帶有虛無主義色彩；刻板化主角以外人物、具目的性的敘事安排，有鼓動私刑暴力之嫌，無法反應時代問題。 以上結果將作為電影從業人員之參考，以避免日後作品引發安全疑慮及爭議。
並列摘要
“Joker” has been DC Comics' most famous villain. He has been popular for 80 years since his debut and has appeared on the big and small screens many times since the 1960s. Joker is unexpectedly to be released in 2019, surprisingly winning the Leone d'Oro at the Venice Film Festival, and Phoenix, who plays the Joker, swept all the acting awards and ultimately won the Academy Award for Best Actor. The film also topped $1 billion at the global box office, with several of the awards for Joker receiving double success of the period. However, when the film’s official release in the world of honor was announced, it unexpectedly broke the dispute between those advocating lynching and those who feared to attack. The military and police guarding each theater, film critics have given negative feedback, and the audience reaction is toward the poles; Joker, not only lost the honor of winning the first Leone d'Oro as a Comic adapted film, but is also a target of the attention of the media. To understand why this film is inflammatory, this paper takes Joker as a research object, using the method of Textual Analysis, and using “Seven Key Steps of Story Structure” by Truby, to analyze narration, and using Turner's Binary opposition to find out the symptomatic significance of the film. Using the Carnivalesque theory by Bakhtin, and Psychoanalysis theory by Lacan, to analyze the main character's mental state and actions, to achieve the following objectives: 1.How does Joker construct its narrative structure and plot to shape the character: Joker? 2.Discover the hidden meaning of the film in the silent narration underneath the surface narration? The analysis bases on results of this paper include: the film blames society for individual behavior with nihilism. Stereotypical characters except for the main character, the purposeful narrative arrangement has the suspicion of encouraging lynching violence and fail to reflect the problems of the time. The results of the analysis will serve as a reference for those in the film industry to avoid inflammatory security concerns and controversies will happen in the future.