報紙社論意識形態分析：COVID-19疫情下的社論立場

本研究藉由文本分析，以瞭解媒體意識形態如何影響其社論內容呈現，亦即透過COVID-19相關之政策評論，以探討媒體的意識形態攻防。研究樣本係選取《自由時報》、《中國時報》及《聯合報》三報社論2020年有關COVID-19疫情四項議題，分別為「口罩禁止出口政策」、「武漢包機政策」、「小明入境政策」、「疫情下的兩岸關係」共10則社論樣本作為研究對象。研究結果發現，自由時報以「台灣優先」、中國時報與聯合報以「兩岸生命共同體」或「兩岸一家親」為意識形態主軸，為社論定錨，呈現「工具性」、「階級性」及「相對獨立性」三項意識形態特徵，並建構「我群—他者」的敘述脈絡，展示出自身的意識形態。此外，媒體在意識形態基礎上，藉由社論文本向讀者勾勒出報社所認同之美好的未來藍圖，號召讀者共同朝「想像的願景」努力。社論以「理性」包裝議題，試圖發揮涵化功能，將讀者引導至「感性」的政治認同。

關鍵字

意識形態；社論； COVID-19 ；自由時報；中國時報；聯合報

並列摘要

This research aims to explore how ideologies are reflected on editorials through the utilization of textual analysis on articles about COVID-19-related regulations, in order to investigate corresponding ideological perspectives of the three key newspapers in Taiwan. The analysis is carried out through dissection of ten editorial articles of four most-talked topics in 2020, selected from Liberty Times Net, China Times and United Daily News, involving regulations on “Export Ban of Face Masks”, “Chartered Flight from Wuhan”, “Xiaoming’s Return”, and “Cross-Strait Relations under the Pandemic”. It is found that ideological characteristics of “instrumentality”, “class” and “relative uniqueness”, are observed from the selected editorials through the establishment of “ingroup-outgroup” effect to respectively demonstrate ideological contexts of “Taiwan first” on Liberty Times Net, and “cross-strait life community” or “two sides of strait are one family” on China Times and United Daily News. It is also found that newspapers intend, based on their respective ideologies, to draw what they recognize as wonderful blueprints, in order to encourage readers to work toward the “created vision”. Editorials are presented in “rational” ways for cultivation to “emotionally” guide readers’ political perception.