制服掩蓋的血汗：基層警察的勞動困境與工作權保障

臺灣基層警察的過勞困境，早已為各界所認識，然其具體情形為何、原因為何，仍難以為大眾所了解。肇因警察獨有的法規、職場文化與過往歷史脈絡等原因，我國諸多行政工作仍大量依賴警察，而面對各種社會問題，警察行政管理思維又習慣以增加警力應對，導致基層警察勤、業務量日益繁雜；員警的勞動權保障卻嚴重缺乏，導致超時工作、職業傷病、情緒耗竭與職業倦怠等問題。本研究旨在揭開覆蓋於警察身上的陽剛形象，探究內部的勞動權益困境，藉由文獻分析、參與觀察，並深度訪談基層外勤員警與主管共26人，從歷史背景、法律體系、管理文化、實務現象探討警察勞動問題，再比較我國與國際勞工組織規範和各國警察勤務態樣，並以訪談案例真實呈現警察職場的黑暗與封閉。研究發現臺灣員警普遍過勞，21名受訪基層員警平日睡眠時間平均約6.3小時，每周經常性工時平均為55.5小時，僅有1人每周總工時低於48小時。警察勤務具有高度的勞動控制，諸多勤務顯已不合時宜，或不具正當性與必要性，甚有侵害人權與他機關行政功能之疑慮，導致警力無效的浪費，員警亦無法從工作中獲得成就感或滿足感；加上惡劣的勞動條件與職業安全保護，多數受訪者均有於執勤遭受傷害，甚或產生創傷壓力症候群之徵象，而基層員警在現有體制下幾無表達意見或尋求救濟的空間；也因為警察勤務被剝除「勞動」的屬性，導致外界難以發現警察的勞動異化。本研究建議警察勤務規劃與管理措施必須更具人性化、科學化，並完善人事與勤務框架性規範，檢討非必要性勤務，業務、績效制度的改革，加上第三方機構的勞動監察，建立有效的基層參與管道，落實基層警察專業化，方能改善警察的勞動困境，使我國警察行政得以正常化，實現警察的尊嚴勞動。

關鍵字

警察勤務；勞動權益；基層員警；尊嚴勞動；過勞

並列摘要

The labor predicament of Taiwan police officers is well recognized by the general public, yet the exact circumstances and the root causes remain unintelligible. Because of the special legislation, organizational culture and historical context, a variety of administrative tasks still depend on the police. Additionally, police manpower are oftentimes spent to deal with minor issues, such that the workload of police officers is constantly increasing. As such, the labor rights protection of police officers is seriously inadequate, leading to overwork, occupational injury, emotional exhaustion, occupational burnout, and so forth. The purpose of this study was to reveal the reality beneath the image of police masculinity and to explore their labor predicament, through document analysis, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with 26 police officers and chiefs. It also provides comparative research on the regulations and practice of police labor rights as launched by other countries, and initiated by International Labor Organization. The results of this study indicate that police officers in Taiwan are commonly overwork. According to the report of 21 front-line police officers, the average amount of sleep during workday is 6.3 hours, the average weekly work hours is 55.5 hours, only one interviewee is lower than the standard working hours (48 hours a week). The police duties are characterized by high labor control, anachronistic, illegitimate, unnecessary, even violating human rights and unduly extending the police power. Officers can hardly feel a sense of accomplishment and fulfillment from their duties. Many of interviewees are wounded in harsh working environments, even got post-traumatic stress disorder. They don’t have ways to express their opinion or seek remedy. Because the police duties are stripped of labor characteristics, the alienation of police is deep but difficult to discover. This study proposes that the police duties must be scientifically planned and humanized, with adequate personnel, proper duty regulations, review of necessary duties, reform of service scope, appropriate performance measurement, and specialized patrol operations. Labor inspectorates should be involved in police administration, and social dialogue should be strengthened in the Police. Following the above approach, we are able to achieve the decent work for police officers in Taiwan through improving the labor rights of the Police as well as normalizing the police administration.