- 學位論文
俄羅斯伏特加歷史及其對國家與社會之影響
The History of Vodka in Russia and Its Effects on the State and Society
摘要
伏特加在俄羅斯有將近五百多年歷史，與俄羅斯的政治、經濟、文化及健康有深層的連結。本文主要探討伏特加與俄羅斯國家及社會之間的影響為何，以及領導者如何在伏特加帶來的利弊之間做抉擇。 本文以政治經濟學觀點來探討伏特加在帝俄、蘇聯與後共這三個時期所帶來龐大的利益、文化與社會問題。政府將酗酒帶來的問題評估為對人口發展的威脅，所以健康問題為探討重點之一，以社會團體、雜誌及印刷海報為例來說明他們的具體行動與宣揚的理念為何。本文提及各時期禁酒令還有酒精帶來的負面影響，但不是以否定的心態看待酒精，而是用歷史事件來整理利弊，從而找出和平發展的方式。 本文研究重點分為三個時期的四個層面：第一，政治-伏特加早已不只是帶來經濟效益的產品，也是政治活動的象徵性代表物。第二，經濟-蘇聯時期俄國已經是國際承認的伏特加發源地，如今在市面上面臨各國品牌競爭。第三，文化-除了蘇聯時期盛行的海報、雜誌等傳播方式，現代以網路行銷、實體參觀為主，讓酒類文化生生不息。第四，健康-經濟要與健康之間取得平衡的做法除了政府為酒類產品品質把關、杜絕走私及加強宣傳與教育外，消費者建立起正確的健康觀念是首要且必要的。
並列摘要
With a history of nearly 500 years in Russia, vodka is deeply connected with the country’s politics, economy, culture, and health. This study mainly discusses the influence of vodka on the Russian state and society, and how leaders decide between the advantages and disadvantages brought by vodka. From the viewpoint of political economy, this study discusses the enormous benefits and cultural and social problems brought by vodka in the three periods of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Post-Communist period. The government considered alcohol abuse a threat to the state’s population development, so health was one of the key issues, with examples from social groups, magazines, and printed posters to illustrate what they did and advocated. This study mentions each period’s prohibition and the negative effects of alcohol, not viewing alcohol with a negative attitude but sorting out its pros and cons with historical events to seek peaceful development. The research focus of this study includes four levels of the three periods: first, politics - vodka has long been not only a product that brings economic benefits but also a symbolic representation of political activities; second, the economy - Russia, internationally recognized as the birthplace of vodka during the Soviet Union, now must compete with various brands in the market; third, culture - in addition to posters, magazines, and other communication methods prevalent in the Soviet period, modern Internet marketing and physical visits are the main ways to enliven wine culture; fourth, health - to strike a balance between economy and health, consumers need to establish a correct concept of health, and the government should control the quality of alcohol products, prevent smuggling, and promote understanding and education.