新冠肺炎疫情下之風險管理—以旅行相關服務業為例

在二〇一九年底開始肆虐全球之新冠肺炎疫情，不僅對許多人之身體健康造成極大的威脅，也對我們的生活型態造成很大的改變，許多人因新冠肺炎而導致失業、放無薪假，而影響最大之產業可謂是旅行相關服務業。在新冠肺炎之肆虐下，多數國家為防止新冠肺炎擴散，對於其邊境政策有許多之限制，不僅是強制隔離或是直接限制非本國籍之旅客入境，我們無法再像疫情之前自由的往來於不同國家，根據世界旅遊組織之調查，二〇二〇年之國際遊客相較於二〇一九年下跌了百分之七十四，而因邊境封鎖政策及觀光旅行之困難，旅行相關服務業受到之挑戰不容小覷。然在面臨如新冠肺炎此種不可抗力情事時，旅行相關服務業風險管理之重要性即不言而喻。本文以本次新冠肺炎疫情出發，檢視我國旅行相關服務業現行之風險管理機制及其優劣之處，並從風險管理之四大面向來分類，另也分析比較英國、歐盟、新加坡及日本旅行相關服務業之現況及其風險管理機制，試圖討論旅行相關服務業投保營業中斷險之可行性，希冀本論文之分析討論，能具體提供完善我國旅行相關服務業風險管理機制之參考價值。結論與建議上，本文認為應適度調整現行旅行相關服務業之風險管理機制，如修正定型化契約或責任保險，並且可參照國外旅行相關服務業投保營業中斷險之例，來衡量我國試行之可能性，且最為重要者為加強我國旅行相關服務業對於風險管理之重視及對風險之意識。過往研究關於旅行相關服務業風險管理較少，希望能透過本論文讓相關單位更加重視旅行相關服務業風險管理機制之體制上之缺失，且能協同相關單位一同強化旅行相關服務業之風險管理。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎；不可抗力情事；風險管理機制；旅行相關服務業；營業中斷保險

並列摘要

The outbreak of COVID-19 has ravaged all over the world since the end of 2019, not only caused a great health threat to many people, but also changes our lifestyles numerously. The pandemic impacts tremendously on industries worldwide, especially the tourism industry. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, many countries have strict restrictions on their border. According to a survey conducted by the World Tourism Organization, the number of international tourists in 2020 has dropped by 74% compared with 2019. Therefore, the tourism industry suffers the major challenges. To confront with the force majeure like COVID-19, the effective risk management of the tourism industry is essential. This thesis uses the COVID-19 as a sample to examine the current risk management of tourism industry and the Advantages and disadvantages of it, additionally, analyzes and compares the risk management of tourism industry in United Kingdom, the European Union, Singapore and Japan. And also discuss the feasibility of using business interruption insurance to transfer the risk for the tourism industry. In conclusion, this paper recommended the tourism industry to adjust current risk management, such as revising the standard form contract or liability insurance, and referring to the foreign case of using business interruption insurance to transfer risk. Previous studies didn’t focus a lot on risk management of the tourism industry , so hope through this thesis, relevant agencies can go extra mile on the risk management of the tourism industry, to ensure the risk management can be more effectively when facing next pandemic.