論文化創意產業的智慧財產管理– 以小說與劇本的IP開發與交易為例

近年來，隨著文化一源多用的特性被重視，無論是政府或是產業本身皆在於追尋一個可以創造最大價值的強力IP，希望每一項文化商品都能像漫威電影一樣，帶動漫畫出版業、電影產業、影視產業，甚至周邊商品的商機。2019年我國文化內容策進院成立，透過挹注資金、協助媒合、建立支援渠道等方式，專注內容的開發與產業的相互結合作為宗旨，致力於打造國內文化創意產業的生態系產業鏈，推出的第一個一源多用的計畫就是媒合出版內容與影視內容。然而，追求一源多用的過程，就是密集的IP開發與交易。在這個過程中，往往存在許多的風險與爭議。首當其衝，如何證明創作人就是作者就是一個艱難的問題；授權合約是否有範圍？文化創意產業最原始的權利人，通常都是上游的創作者端，明明是創意的貢獻者，卻是最不受權利保護的，或許可以歸因於權利的不對等，或是談判能力的高低，但最重要的，仍然是產業對於智慧財產的漠視與知識的匱乏，是否有辦法解決這樣的產業困境？智慧財產管理係為了降低成本與創造收益，而使組織能積極行使權利，即完美的體現了活用智慧財產權的理想與目標。將智慧財產管理的思維循序漸進的運用到著作權的IP開發與交易，將有助於掌握過程中的風險與危機，預先預防，降低交易的成本，提升權利交易的價值。本研究將透過相關學術文獻與公開數據的閱讀與分析，以及實際訪談文化內容產業從業者的方式，了解文化創意產業的著作權開發與交易過程，實際上所遇到的困境，以及智慧財產管理應如何予以適用，是否存在既有的規範得以依循，並於本研究的最後提供建議及反思，為文化創意產業的發展貢獻微薄之力。

關鍵字

智慧財產管理；台灣智慧財產管理規範；文化創意展業；內容創作； IP開發；著作權交易

並列摘要

In recent years, with the high value of One-Source, Multi-Use (OSMU) , both the government and the industry are all in pursuit of a powerful IP that can create the greatest value. Everyone hopes that it can be like a Marvel movie, driving the publication of comics industry, film industry, film and television industry, and even business opportunities in peripheral commodities. In 2019, Taiwan Creative Content Agency (TAICCA) was established. Through injecting funds, assisting in matchmaking, and establishing support channels, it focuses on the development of content and the integration of industries as its purpose, and is committed to building an ecological industrial chain of domestic cultural and creative industries. The first program of the TAICCA was to match published content with film and television industry. However, OSMU is the process of intensive IP Creation and Transaction. This process is full of many risks and disputes. First of all, how to prove that the creator is the author is a very difficult problem; is there a scope for the licensing contract? The first rights holders in the cultural and creative industries are usually upstream creators, who are contributors to creativity but are the least protected by rights. This may be attributed to the asymmetry of rights or the level of negotiation ability, but the most important thing is still the industry's disregard for intellectual property and the lack of knowledge. Is there a way to solve such a dilemma? In order to reduce costs and create benefits, intellectual property management enables organizations to actively exercise rights, which perfectly reflects the ideal and goal of utilizing intellectual property rights. The gradual application of intellectual property management thinking to the IP Creation and Transaction will help to grasp the risks and crises in the process, prevent them in advance, reduce transaction costs, and enhance the value of rights transactions. Through the reading and analysis of relevant academic literature and public data, as well as interviews with people in the cultural content industry, this research will understand the copyright Creation and Transaction process of the cultural and creative industry, the actual difficulties encountered, and the application of intellectual property management. How to apply it, whether there are existing norms to follow, and provide suggestions and reflections at the end of this study, making a small contribution to the development of cultural and creative industries.