「到底」與「究竟」之句型結構、搭配關係與篇章功能──以語料庫為本之研究

本論文以語料庫為基礎，觀察「到底」與「究竟」在現代漢語中的詞義及語法特徵，並探討兩者在新聞文本中的句型結構與銜接關係。「到底」和「究竟」皆帶有表示追問的語氣，常與疑問詞或疑問句式搭配出現。無論在詞彙語意或語法功能上，兩者高度重疊，常出現互換使用的情況。然而，如從單句成分分析較難全面反映其在上下文的語意，因此，有其必要從跨句語篇角度討論兩者在文本的語意內涵。本研究藉由分析「到底」和「究竟」在新聞文本中的語意，整理兩者與上下文的銜接關係，並以七個標記項度表示，包括【I.追問】、【II.引介】、【III.解說】、【IV.建議】、【VI.抱怨】、【V.質疑】以及【VII.評價】。同時，分析「到底」與「究竟」在文本中的語意指向，討論兩者在文本中的銜接作用及其所帶出的信息，並從銜接關係結果整理「到底」與「究竟」在報導文本中的篇章功能。研究結果顯示，「到底」傾向以提問式標題的形式出現，而「究竟」則多出現在文末，總結報導。此外，「到底」與「究竟」在篇章文本中多具有表示【I.追問】、【II.引介】和【III.解說】的銜接功能。藉由「到底」或「究竟」句，對命題表示探究或詢問，進而帶出命題相關的訊息或解釋說明。

關鍵字

「到底」與「究竟」；句型結構；篇章功能；語料庫研究

並列摘要

This study aims to investigate the Mandarin adverbs daodi and jiujing in news articles. While previous research focused mainly on the discussion of the lexical meanings of the two adverbs, this study discusses the cohesion and coherence of these two adverbs. To fill this gap, the present research sets out to investigate the two adverbs used in news reports including analyzing syntactic patterns, collocations, and textual functions of these two adverbs. These findings indicate that features of daodi and jiujing used in the news reports are predictable and systematic. The contributions of this dissertation are manifold: First, it lays out a description of the syntactic patterns of the adverbs daodi and jiujing used in news reports. Second, the examples show the preferred occurances of each adverb which reflect the high frequently used language chunks that in turn will benefit language teaching and learning. Third, this current research further proposes a textual functional approach and coherence analysis of adverbs in news reports. Fourth, this investigation identifies constructions that are repeatedly used in news reports, and provides a framework as to how to analyze their structural features. Finally, this research also provides insights and suggestions for practical usage and understanding the functions of Mandarin adverbs in news context. Intergrating high frequency collocation or language chunks into materials will benefit learners by clarifying the uses of the two adverbs to teachers and learners.