Airbnb與周邊住宅價格及觀光型旅館收益關係之探討

隨著共享經濟(sharing economy)的浪潮，Airbnb此種新創公司成為共享經濟體系下的產物，透過利用閒置、效率低落的資本商品，擺脫傳統產業經營模式以生成經濟價值，得到公眾的關注。Airbnb的立意良善，作為消費者和供應者之間的媒合中介，Airbnb減少了提供住房作為短期租賃的風險和成本，從而使房屋擁有者能夠靈活地參與住宅商品化的市場。儘管Airbnb提供了創新體驗與房東額外收入，或促進地方經濟等相關利益，然而，在其高度發展下，全球各地仍不免關心其衍生負面問題，例如對於住宅市場所會產生的經濟和福利面的隱憂或排擠當地旅館行業的生存。故本研究以地理資訊系統軟體ArcGIS對住宅交易點位周圍1000公尺進行範圍計算Airbnb數量，並以特徵價格模型衡量台北市之Airbnb與住宅價格之關係，此外亦對觀光型旅館收益進行實證，並以分量迴歸模型量測Airbnb與高、低收益旅館關係程度的不同。研究結果為Airbnb與房價存在正向顯著關係；與觀光型旅館收益則有負向顯著關係，且收益越低負向顯著程度越大。表示Airbnb短期租賃行為加劇對於住宅市場的負擔能力，並對低收益觀光型旅館行業產生競爭。依據分析結果給予未來政策思考的方向，以利共享經濟的浪潮下政府對於Airbnb有更完善的配套措施因應。

關鍵字

房價；觀光型旅館收益； Airbnb ；特徵價格模型；分量迴歸模型

並列摘要

With the prevalence of Sharing Economy, Airbnb, a start-up company, has become an evidence of Sharing Economy by using idle and inefficient capital goods to generate economic value. The intention of Airbnb is good. As a mediator between consumers and suppliers, Airbnb has reduced the costs of providing housing as a short-term leasing, so that homeowners can flexibly participate in the residential commercialized markets. Although the innovative experiences provided by Airbnb, under its high level of development, the world is still concerning about its negative issues, such as the economic and welfare problems in the residential markets or the survival of the local hotel industries. Therefore, this study uses ArcGIS to calculate the number of Airbnb in the distance of 1000 meters around the location of the houses, and measures the relationship between Airbnb and residential prices in Taipei City by Hedonic Price Model. On the other hand, the study also demonstrates the relationship between Airbnb and revenues of tourist hotels by Multiple Regression Model. In addition, the study investigates how much different influences on the relationship between Airbnb and low or high revenues of tourist hotels by Quantile Regression Model. The results point out that Airbnb has a positive and significant relationship with house prices; meanwhile, there is a negative and significant relationship between Airbnb and revenues of tourist hotels. Furthermore, the lower the revenues are , the greater negative and significant relationship between Airbnb and revenues of tourist hotels. This indicates that the short-term leasing practices of Airbnb have leveled up the affordability of the residential markets and competed seriously with lower class of tourist hotels. According to the results, the direction of future policy will be given in order to facilitate better solutions under Sharing Economy.