奈米氟素撥水劑乳液的合成與應用

A Study of the Preparation of Nano Fluoropolymer Emulsions and their Performance Test

黃培元(Pei-Yuan Huang)

指導教授 ： 趙豫州 ； 廖義田

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/工程科技研究所/博士(2006年)

摘要

奈米材料是本世紀全球高科技發展的重點領域之ㄧ,如何將目前市面上使用的氟素撥水劑乳液奈米化，以增進其功能並降低其成本，是本論文研究的主要目的。
本論文包括四項主題：
一、利用細乳液聚合反應來製備奈米型氟素壓克力共聚合物，並探討撥水加工性能之提升；先將氟素壓克力單體(TAN)以及其他單體(CHMA，Toplene M)，搭配陽離子型乳化劑(STAC)、共溶劑(DPM)、鏈轉移劑(DM)製成乳液，經高壓均質機(Homogenizer)處理，可產生均勻的預乳液，再加入起始劑(ABAP)並於65-85℃下反應10小時，即可得到粒徑低於100奈米的氟素壓克力聚合物乳液，粒徑最小約達50奈米；在聚酯纖維上之撥水性比市售含氟撥水劑為高。
二、以二階段細乳化聚合來合成核/殼(core-shell)氟素壓克力共聚合物並探討其撥水度。先以甲基丙烯酸環己酯(Cyclohexyl methacrylate，CHMA)乳化聚合形成核聚合物，再加入氟素壓克力單體及其他化合物以繼續聚合反應，可形成殼聚合物並附於核聚合物上；以光穿透度測量顯示為奈米顆粒;其撥水效果也比同類市售商品為佳.
三、比較各種樹脂、交聯劑及其他添加劑的使用，發現奈米黏土與異氰酸基封鎖型交聯劑(Jintexguard FCN)的併用不但可大幅增加其耐水壓，而且不影響撥水效果。
四、將多種聚合反應後仍保有反應基團之單體與氟素壓克力單體進行共聚合反應，所得到的乳液再與異氰酸基封鎖型交聯劑(Jintexguard FCN)併用於纖維，可使撥水劑分子和纖維間形成強力的鍵結，因此不但具有極佳的撥水性且經50次水洗後仍有很好的撥水性。

關鍵字

氟素撥水劑 ； 乳化劑 ； 耐水壓 ； 耐水洗性 ； 奈米黏土

並列摘要

Nano materials studies are the main research field of high technology in 21 century. We made fluoroacrylate nanocopolymer emulsions and evaluated their water repellency and durability.
There are four parts in this study:
Part 1. We prepared fluoroacrylate nanocopolymers by miniemulsion polymerization and evaluated their performance test of water repellency on fabrics. In this research, we measured the light transmittance of the emulsions and four transmittance can be correlated with the particle size. Latex based on fluoroacrylate(TAN) and other monomers was prepared via miniemulsion polymerization in the presence of a cationic surfactant(stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,STAC) and a water-soluble initiator(2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride,ABAP). The light transmittance of prepared emulsions increases with the amount of TAN, STAC, DPM(cosolvent), and DM(hydrophobe). Given suitable reaction temperature and quantities of TAN, STAC, DPM, and DM, a copolymer emulsion of fluoroacrylate with a particle size of 50nm was made. The water repellency on polyester fabrics is better than that of commercial products with higher fluorine content.
Part 2. We prepared core-shell fluoroacrylate copolymer emulsions via two steps miniemulsion polymerization and evaluated their water repellency on fabrics. Cyclohexyl methacrylate(CHMA) was used to prepare the core polymer emulsion, TAN and other components as the shell polymer. The water repellency on polyester fabrics is better than that of commercial products with higher fluorine content.
Part 3. We succeeded to enhance the hydrostatic pressure of fabrics treated with fluorinated repellents. The latexes based on perfluorinated acrylate and other comonomers were prepared by means of emulsion polymerization in the presence of STAC, DPM and ABAP . Adding nano clay and a blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent into fluoroacrylate nanopolymer emulsions increases the hydrostatic pressure remarkably.
Part 4. The durability of water-repellency on polyester fabrics was enhanced. The fluorinated copolymer emulsions containing blocked isocyanate or other comonomers with reactive groups after copolymerization were prepared by emulsion polymerization. Polyester fabrics treated with the emulsion containing fluoroacrylate nanopolymer, a blocked isocyanate crosslinking agent (Jintexguard FCN) and a reactive comonomer(Jintexan BIA) have excellent durability of water repellency, water repellency at 90－ after 50 times washing, and meet the consumer’s demand.

並列關鍵字

fluoropolymer ； emulsion polymerization ； surfactants ； monomers ； crosslinking ； core-shell polymer

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