應用ISO 14001與OHSAS18001管理系統於LED產業之成效分析

The effective analysis for applying ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 System's in LED industry

李芳政(Jacky Lee)

指導教授 ： 林榮禾

國立臺北科技大學/管理學院/管理學院工業工程與管理EMBA專班/碩士(2012年)

摘要

1980年代以來，國際經貿互動關係產生了急速的變化，配合世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization , WTO)及歐盟(European Union , EU)對於貿易與環境保護議題重視的帶領下，要求國家及企業遵守，環境管理系統(ISO 14001)與職業安全衛生管理系統(OHSAS 18001)。有鑑於此，未來企業在國際貿易中，除必須配合ISO 9001品質管理系統要求外，並於1996年公佈之ISO 14001及1999年公布之OHSAS 18001的建制與認證的取得，視為二十一世紀業界爭取國際市場與永續發展的新競爭力。ISO 14001 與 OHSAS 18001其具有相同的PDCA(Plan、Do、Check、Action)動態運作模式，故企業要持續成長並永續經營，則必須要摒除過去地區性經營方式，將產品及服務行銷至全球，掌握國際社會特別關切的環境保護及勞工安全衛生議題，以便提昇國際競爭力。
然而，對於許多的企業而言，面對接踵而來的國際認證標準，勢必對企業內部增加管理上的困擾，因此若能加以整合，建立適合的導入模式架構，不但可以簡化作業流程、節省人力資源，而且可使企業效率與企業形象都能獲得顯著的績效來提升企業經營之全球競爭力。故本研究希望透過文獻探討的方式，來分析環境及安衛管理認証系統之整合模式，同時確實推動ISO 14001、OHSAS 18001系列標準之要求與規範，形成一個多功能的管理系統，發揮最大的管理效率，藉此達成企業永續發展之最終目標。
本研究的結果，不但驗證各專家學者提出推動環安衛管理系統後的成本效益，而且也為個案廠商帶來其他有形或無形中的成效。最後，本研究針對個案研究廠商推動環安衛管理系統過程中，所發現的缺失提出建議，期望未來個案廠能持續推動環安衛管理系統，使其廠內現況並改善外，並能主動參與國際間的議題來促進廠內環安衛的管理，以促進公司永續經營與環境保護及保障員工兼籌並顧等目標。

關鍵字

環境管理系統 ； 職業安全衛生管理系統 ； 失效模式與效應分析

並列摘要

Since 1980s, the interactions between international trades have been experiencing a rapid change. Under the leadership which contains trading and environment-protecting lead by WTO and UN, both of the organizations require nations, enterprises, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 to follow these issues. In view of this, future enterprises would have to meet the requirement of ISO 9001 for international trade. Additionally, the formation and acquirement of ISO 14001 announced in 1996 and OHSAS 18001 announced in 1999 would doubtlessly become a new competitiveness for twenty-first-century enterprise to strive for international market as well as sustainable development. ISO 14001 was originated in 1996, and it was revised in 2004 while OHSAS 18001 was originated in 1997 and was revised in 2007. For sustainable operation, enterprise must abnegate the method used before for local business, and start to sell product and service to the whole world. As for the environment protection, and labor security sanitary issues concerned by the international community, enterprise must seize the opportunity in advance in order to enhance international competitiveness.
However, for many enterprises, incoming international certifying standard is bound to cause obsession to internal management. Hence, enterprises build up fine structure model not only to simplify processes but also to economize human resources. In addition, they get significant achievement for enterprise efficiency and image. Therefore, this study is meant to analyze ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 through literature review, put ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 series’ requirement and regulation into practice, form a versatile management system to maximize the efficiency of management, and reach the goal of enterprise sustainable operation.
The result of this research not only verifies the benefit comes from carrying out OHSAS 18001 proposed by experts but also brings other effectiveness of physics or virtual. In the end, this research proposes suggestion to fault discovered while scanning through OHSAS 18001 promoted by this factory, hoping that this factory continuously implements OHSAS 18001 in the future and takes part in international issue in order to improve OHSAS 18001, inducing the company to reach the goal of environment-protection as well as labor-protection.

並列關鍵字

Environmental Management System ； Occupational Health and Safety Management System ； Failure Modes And Effects Analysis

參考文獻

[5] 中華民國品質學會第39 屆年會暨第9屆全國品質管理研討會，2003。

[16] 台灣檢驗科技股份有限公司，ISO 9000：2000 條文修正背景說明，台北，1999。

[27] 黃玉樹， ISO 14000環境管理系統，網址：

[9] 高敏德，探討品質、環境及職安衛管理系統整合模式之效益分析，國立成功大學，碩士論文，2004。

[10] 蘇弘毅、施慧中，事業單位安全衛生績效評估及稽核制度之研究，行政院勞委會勞工安全衛生研究所研究報告，台中，2002。