- 學位論文
垃圾清除處理收費方式最適化之研究-以高雄市為例
The Study of a Optimum Fees Collecting System for General Waste Clearance and Disposal in Kaohsiung City
摘要
近年台灣地區垃圾清除處理之清除及妥善處理率均已高達99％。然清除、處理機具、設備均會因到達使用年限而需汰舊換新，而舊的焚化爐或掩埋場亦需拆除、關場，並興建新的垃圾處理設施。惟辦理上述工作需要的經費，於政府大力推動其他多項社會福利或公共建設之情形下，爭取上可能就有所困難。於「廢棄物清理法」中，明定各縣市政府可向家戶徵收相關垃圾清除處理費用。但各縣市徵收之費用均未能百分之百反映成本，且除台北市及台中縣石岡鄉係採垃圾隨袋徵收外，其餘縣市均採隨自來水徵收，因此，常有民眾質疑垃圾費收費之公平性。 依文獻資料收集後可得，垃圾費以對垃圾量多寡直接收費之機制最具減量效益，且符合污染者付費精神；另外依台北市政府、石岡鄉公所之執行成果可知，隨量徵收除有公平機制外，對垃圾減量、資源回收量提升亦有優異表現。因此本研究即係於檢討垃圾費徵收方式外，對同屬直轄市之高雄市，於其相關條件均與台北市類似下，運用文獻收集及成本效益分析方式，將「垃圾清除」及「垃圾處理」兩階段之各項成本分為「變動成本」及「固定成本」後，以「隨量徵收」為基礎，設計包括比照台北市費率、全額反映成本、反映部分成本等不同型式之垃圾收費方案進行比較。 經分析各種方案之成本後，本研究提出可優先採用「反映清除成本及處理的變動成本」或「僅反映清除、處理的變動成本」等2項調整收費之建議方案，並提出可減少垃圾車每週清除之頻率、委託民間機構辦理垃圾清除等之垃圾清理成本減少之精進建議，供相關政府機關作為施政規劃之參考。
並列摘要
The ratio of clearance and proper disposal for general waste in Taiwan area has reached 99% in recent years, which indicates the great efforts made by the government. As we know, clearance equipment and disposal facilities have their life-span time,.and need to be replaced and restored after a certain period of time. Since our revenue is limited, and a lot of social welfare and infrastructure needed to be implemented, the budget which could be distributed to environmental protection is in shortage. The Waste Disposal Act regulates that each municipality, county or city competent authority shall collect fees for the general waste clearance and disposal from households. Howerver all the fees now collected couldn’t 100％ meet the actual costs. Besides, except Taipei city and Shi-Kan township, which collect their fees by pre-paid special trash bags according to general wastes generated, other counties collect their fees with water bills based on water consumption, which has no relationship with general wastes generated, and this often evokes dispute of fairness from the public. According to the previous studies, collecting fees for the general waste clearance and disposal according to general wastes generated works best, and comply with the “polluters pay principal.” In addition, from the actual implement result of Taipei city and Shi-Kan township, the reduction of general waste is significant. So in this study, we discuss a possible method to collect fees for the general waste clearance and disposal in a special municipality, Kaohsiung city. Through documents survey and cost analysis, the costs of “clearance” and “disposal” are divided into “mobile cost” and “fixed cost.” And with the design of collecting fees according to general wastes generated, we compare several options to collect fees, such as adopting the same fee system as Taipei city, 100% reflecting cost, partly reflecting cost etc. After comparing the pros and cons of several options, two suggested options “Reflecting clearance cost and mobile disposal cost” and “Reflecting mobile clearance and disposal cost” are proposed. In addition, other suggestions to lower clearance cost, such as reducing weekly clearance frequency, delegating clearance duties to private sector, etc. are also provided to relative government authorities for imformation.