摘要
一. 市售中藥材金屬元素之分析蘭陽地區，民風純樸，使用中藥材及民間藥來治病及補 身之情況十分普遍。然而為探討中藥材所含之金屬元素對人體健康之影響，如鉀(K)、鈉( Na)、鎂(Mg)、鈣(Ca)離子對腎臟、心臟疾病之控制及鐵(Fe)、銅(Cu)、鋅(Zn)、錳(Mn) 、鈷(Co)、鉻(Cr)、鎳(Ni)、鉬(Mo)等金屬元素與酵素活性均有密切關係，這些與人體生 理健康有關之金屬元素大多可由天然界中攝取補充，國人喜愛以補益藥強身，而如何選擇 適宜之中藥材以及適量之攝取，在食品方面曾有許多之研究，然而在中藥材上則顯少有相 關之研究報告。另重金屬之污染致使近年來砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、鎘(Cd)等中毒事件頻繁，因 此，重金屬含量之調查研究亦為本研究之目標。市售中藥材金屬元素之分析研究中，共收 集蘭陽地區市售之(1)補益藥15種，(2)清熱解表藥12種，(3)利水滲濕藥6種，(4)瀉下藥2 種，(5)鎮靜安神藥：朱砂4種-鏡片砂、鏡片碎、蠶豆砂、口米砂及水飛朱砂8種。利用原 子吸收光譜儀【Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(A.A)】定量各種中藥材中15種金 屬元素含量。以上各金屬元素分析之結果，以含量最多者以ppm表示敘述如下：(一).腎臟 病、心臟病、高血壓有關之鉀、鈉含量(a).補益藥: 補骨脂: 鉀10.83×103；巴戟天: 鈉11.78×103。(b).清熱解表藥: 金銀花: 鉀11.06×103，鈉8.37×103。(c).利水滲 濕藥: 澤瀉: 鉀11.06×103 ，鈉1.36×103。(d).瀉下藥: 大戟: 鉀11.12×103；牽 牛子：鈉8.37×103。(二).肌肉收縮及骨質疏鬆有關之鎂、鈣含量(a).補益藥: 甘草: 鎂370，鈣3590。(b).清熱解表藥： 金銀花：鎂94.30；地骨皮：鈣529.87。 (c).利水 滲濕藥： 木通：鎂101.4；豬苓：鈣356.7。(d)瀉下藥： 大戟：鎂21.00，鈣215.55 。(三).造血功能有關之鐵、鈷及鎳含量(a).補益藥： 黃耆：鐵159.75，鎳21.00；甘 草：鈷3.15。(b).清熱解表藥： 白茅根：鐵3360.56，鎳21.33；地骨皮：鈷3.15。(c) .利水滲濕藥： 豬苓：鐵142.4，鈷1.59；木通：鎳7.22。(d).瀉下藥： 牽牛子：鐵 58.15；大戟：鈷2.21，鎳8.95。(四).酵素活性有關之銅、鋅、錳含量(a).補益藥： 當歸：銅14.77，鋅34.10；巴戟天：錳68。(b).清熱解表藥： 金銀花：銅27.62，鋅50 .62；地骨皮：錳57.57。(c).利水滲濕藥： 木通：銅12.2；澤瀉：鋅58.55，錳74.95 。(d).瀉下藥： 牽牛子：銅17.72，鋅30.97，錳18.65。(五).顛癇、腎結石有關之鉬 及與Insulin功能有關之鉻含量(a).補益藥： 補骨脂：鉬29.79，鉻13.72。 (b).清熱 解表藥： 金銀花：鉬13.26；白茅根：鉻49.83。(c) .利水滲濕藥： 防己：鉬5.41 ；木通：鉻3.74。(d) .瀉下藥： 大戟：鉬11.12，鉻10.25。(六).中藥材受重金屬污 染如砷、鉛與鎘含量(a)補益藥： 受砷污染：巴戟天170。(b)清熱解表藥： 受砷污 染：金銀花180。(七).朱砂中砷、鉛與鎘含量 鏡片砂、鏡片碎、蠶豆砂等含鉛量均較 口米砂小。(八).經水飛炮製之朱砂含重金屬砷、鉛、鎘之情形 水飛炮製朱砂含砷、鉛 、鎘量均未超過100ppm。二. 腸內感染抗生植物藥材之開發 蘭陽地區每年4月至10月 ，氣候溫暖潮溼，是細菌滋生繁衍的季節，亦是食品中毒發生較頻繁之季節。而所發生食 品中毒之病原菌屬革蘭氏陽性菌Gram(+)如Staphylococcus、 Bacillus subtilis 、Sarc ina lutea、革蘭氏陰性菌Gram(-)如Salmonella、Escherichia coli等。民間對藥用植物 之應用也相當普遍。本部份採集自蘭陽地區13科35屬50種植物之新鮮葉，以70%丙酮均質 抽取，經低溫減壓冷凍乾燥之後，以濾紙錠擴散法(Paper disc diffusion method)方法 ，針對下列5種腸道病原菌(Escherichia coli、Bacillus subtilis、Sarcina lutea、Sa lmonella typhi、Pseudomonas aeruginosa)進行抗菌活性之研究，以gentamycin為對照 組。實驗結果顯示，其中以茄冬(Bischofia javanica)、欖仁樹(Terminalia catappa)、 細葉欖仁樹(Terminalia boivinii) 抽取物抑菌效果佳，深具開發價值。
關鍵字
重金屬並列摘要
For the purpose of medication and keeping good health, Chinese herbal medici ne have been commonly used in Taiwan. The metallic elements of those Chinese herbal medicine are considered to be beneficial to human health. As reported, K ,Na Mg and Ca ions can be used to control kidney and heart diseases. Other ions, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni and Mo are important to enzyme activi ties in human metabolism. These essential metallic elements can be con sumed from natural food and Chinese herbal medication for Chinese from their d iet. The quantity of metallic elements that can be consumed from food ingredi ents has been reported and suggested in previous researches, but only few work s have been done in Chinese herbal Medicine. In this research, we will analyz e the metallic elements of Chinese herbal medicine and their effect in human health. Speciality, the issues of heavy metals such as As, Pb ,Cd from industr ial pollution are also included in this research. In the analysis of meta llic elements of commercial Chinese herbal medicine, we have collected 15 diff erent tonic agent, 12 different heat-clearing and terior-resolving, 6 differen t water-disinhibiting, 2 different precipitating agent , 4 different raw mater ial cinnabaris, 8 different processing cinnabaris. The containing quantity of metallic elements in the Chinese herbal Medicine, including K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe , Cu , Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni , Mo and heavy metals As, Pb, Cd, was measured by At omic Absorption Spectrophotometer (A.A), and the results showed as table(I). The weather during April to October in Taiwan is warm and wet that is a su itable condition for bacteria to grow, and the bacteria, such as Gram(+) bacte ria Staphylococcus, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea and Gram(-) bacteria Salm onella, E. coli, are generally causing the food poisoning to damage the public health. To prevent the food poisoning, totally leaves of 50 different specie s of Formosan plant were firstly extracted with 70% acetone, dry freeze, and t hen using Paper disc diffusion method to test their anti-bacteria activity aga inst 5 different food poisoning bacteria above 5 kinds and the results were co mpared with the activity of gentamycin as a control. According to the size of antibacterial circle, the extract from *Bischofia javanica, *Terminalia boivi nii and *T.catappa gave the strongly antibacterial activity and will have the commcercial value in the future.