- 學位論文
安全速效之牙齒美白系統開發
Development of a Safe and Fast-acting Tooth Bleaching System
摘要
目前門診型牙齒漂白藥劑成分主要為高濃度過氧化氫，不但易造成牙釉質的酸蝕，同時自由基亦會對牙髓組織帶來傷害，本研究目的在應用萃取自馬鈴薯之抗氧化?，降低過氧化氫分解反應的活化能，加速強氧化性氫氧自由基之生成，一方面以縮短美白治療時間，另一方面更期待可降低漂白藥劑中之過氧化氫濃度，發展一個兼顧漂白效果與安全之牙齒美白新配方。本研究以滴定法探討pH值、組成成分與添加順序、及反應時間之於過氧化氫的濃度變化關係，選定組成比例之後，再將馬鈴薯抗氧化?、過氧化氫、增稠劑水溶液調製成漂白水膠(whitening gels)，續對經篩選、表面清洗、切割之牙齒以標準的染色步驟處理，漂白效力的評估採自製模擬染色模式(stain model)之牙齒樣本，以分光測色儀依CIE L *a* b* color system 為漂白前後色差(color difference, △E*)量化之依據。針對牙齒美白劑對牙釉質表面結構之影響，以掃描式電子顯微鏡，結合影像分析進行碎形維度分析，將粗糙度(roughness)量化，再以接觸角測試分析牙齒表面的粗糙程度對於親水性的影響；由結果顯示添加馬鈴薯萃取之抗氧化?後之pH 9的35 wt%過氧化氫，其不照光的顏色色差值△E*值為11.22，屬第五級色差(Much)，可明顯分辨漂白前後的顏色變化，且由碎形維度分析可定量出使用添加馬鈴薯萃取之抗氧化?後之pH 9的35 wt%及6 wt%過氧化氫，其粗糙程度皆比沒有添加馬鈴薯萃取之抗氧化?還小，顯示使用添加馬鈴薯萃取之抗氧化?且在pH 9的環境之漂白劑，能夠達到牙齒漂白的目的，且對牙釉質表面侵蝕性降低。
並列摘要
At present, the high concentration hydrogen peroxide is used in the in-office tooth bleaching agents. But it not only may cause enamel be etched but also damaging the pulp tissue due to free radicals from hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this study is to use PEA to develop a safe and efficient bleaching agent. PEA could reduce activation energy produced from hydrogen peroxide dissolution reaction. PEA could accelerate the production of strong oxidant hydroxyl radical. First, the method of formula were screening by KMnO4 titration assay according to change of hydrogen peroxide concentration with pH, composition, adding order and reaction time. Whitening gels were prepared with PEA, hydrogen peroxide and thickening agent in suitable ratio. The artificial stain sample of tooth was prepared after selecting, polishing, cutting and staining. The bleaching efficiency (color difference, △E*) was measured by color meter (CIE L* a* b* color system). The etched depth profile of enamel surface was tested by SEM and digitized by image analysis to detect the roughness of enamel. And the fractal dimension could quantify the roughness. Then the influence of wettability to roughness of tooth surface was analyzed by contact angle. As the result, the bleaching △E* was 11.22 underwent bleaching with the 35 wt% hydrogen peroxide preparation and then 1 wt% PEA under the pH 9. It could differentiate color change after bleaching clearly. The results also showed that the value of roughness in hydrogen peroxide, and the formula was slight then without PEA condition. For this reason, using the bleaching agent which prepared with 35 wt% hydrogen peroxide could improve the efficiency of bleaching and decrease etched for enamel. Key word: bleaching, hydrogen peroxide, potatoes extract antioxidant, color different, roughness, fractal dimension