- 學位論文
探討參與式設計在醫療空間設計之使用後評估
The assessment of utilizing Mock Up－ a simulation method of Design－ in Hospital Setting
摘要
自從Walter Gropius在1991年建立Bauhaus設計及建築學院，滿足使用者需求便成為建築設計的一個重要課題。而根據建築界對於建築物設計難度的普遍認知，醫院建築的需求是最為複雜的，而且依據傳統建築設計流程，並無法完整取得醫院建築的所有需求。因此，在國外發展了新的空間設計方法，亦即由使用者角度，在確保實際使用的效率及效能狀況下，使用一種行為模擬的方法，運用在醫院空間的設計，這種不同以往的設計流程，經由使用者主動參與方式將更完整滿足使用者需求，這方法稱為參與式設計（Mock Up+ Scenario）。 為了知道這樣的一個設計方法在使用上面的可能性與侷限性，本研究利用質性訪談方式，先對具有醫院設計經驗或有參與式設計實際經驗的專家們進行訪談，再根據訪談結果進行訪談大綱設計，以進行第二階段對空間使用者對空間設計與使用狀況的訪談。在第一階段訪談中不但獲得專家們從學理上、實際操作面上、及結果面上的肯定，並擬定出實際使用者訪談時所應探討之「投入面」、「過程面」、及「成果面」的面向，並據之以進行後續對實際使用者的訪談。 由於實際採用參與式設計的醫院有限，因此實際使用者係對雙和醫院曾實際參與「參與式設計」設計過程，並在建置完成後，實際服務此空間之醫護人員。使用者概區分為手術室及加護病房兩組醫護人員兩類，進行焦點團體訪談，以專家訪談擬定之「投入面」、「過程面」、及「成果面」的面向，訪談評估參與式設計應用在醫院設計之後，呈現出與以往完全不同的使用者經驗與極高滿意度，甚至部分醫護人員已經開始擬定在下一次有機會再以參與式設計進行空間設計時，應具有之態度及做法。 同時在結論中，我們也發現專家團體多著墨於「投入面」，及「過程面」的投入心態、與投入時機之討論，以及探討是否有其他替代方案；但是實際使用者卻時常回顧投入時的心態、對於結果面表現超高的滿意度、並提出諸多對於未來再次使用參與式設計時的正面展望。
並列摘要
As Walter Gropius established Staatliches Bauhaus in 1991, the satisfaction of user is deemed as one of the key factors of the successful design. According to the common experiences, the hospital setting design is required most complex, comprehensive, and thorough input by architects. Compared to the traditional design process which not directly meets the sophisticated requirement of the users and further results in consequent modification on design or physical setting, a simulation method which is more effective and reflected to users’ demands is introduced to design hospital setting from users’ perspectives. Mock Up is the new-model designed to collect information from bottom to the top and needs users’ participation. This research is set up to evaluate before and after use experience in hospital setting which is designed by the innovative designs — Mock Up. Qualitative research design is adapted to discover the possibility and limitation of application of Mock-up from experts’ and users’ point of views. Firstly, we interviewed with experts who have had previous experiences of practicing Mock-up or hospital construction, and we then deducted interview questions to second-run interviews. We invited employees who worked in operation room and intensive care units in sample hospital to conduct second-run interviews. Results showed key concepts how to facilitate Mock-up design in hospitals from the perspective of input, process, and output. Interviewees reported high after-use satisfaction, and some of them pointed out the must-have attitude and skills on further application of Mock-up. We conclude that experts address more on the perspectives of input and process, also cover the alternative options instead of Mock-up; in the meantime, employees focus on the emotional attachment and participative decision-making through the process. Future application of Mock-up is also raised and discussed.