- 學位論文
造船業工人多種金屬暴露特徵分布調查
Characterization of metal exposure of shipbuilding workers
摘要
造船業屬於傳統的工業型態，為勞工密集與體力勞動的工作，其勞工暴露於多種危害因子，例如：人因危害、有機溶劑的暴露、與金屬的暴露等。其中又以金屬的暴露量最受矚目，其勞工的暴露為多種金屬同時暴露，工作場所的溫度高，呼吸量增加，因而增加金屬的暴露量。因此本研究欲探討造船業工人多種金屬暴露特徵。 本研究以南部某造船業船體工廠之勞工為研究對象，船體工廠主要分成切割區、開放空間的焊接區、與侷限空間的焊接區三區，每區隨機選取10人為採樣對象，採集個人呼吸帶樣本與尿液樣本，連續採集一週。除此之外，亦於各工作區定點採樣，樣本皆由ICP-MS做分析。 個人呼吸帶採樣中，大多數之金屬都是侷限空間的焊接區濃度最高，且具顯著差異，因為侷限空間區之空氣對流受到限制，污染物不易被稀釋或排放，造成濃度增加。個人呼吸帶各金屬間相關係數大，運用因素分析萃取出兩個因子，判斷來源為鋼板成分與焊材。空氣與尿液中金屬濃度相關性， 只有Pb有些微正相關，且不具統計顯著，Sr為些微顯著負相關，由於金屬的半衰期較長，一、兩天的暴露，並不會迅速反應於生物檢體中。本研究結果指出船體工廠之勞工暴露於多種金屬，其濃度均小於容許濃度，然而金屬暴露可能有加成效應，即使低濃度之暴露，經過加成效應，可能造成健康效應，因此需進一步探討多種金屬暴露的影響。
並列摘要
Shipbuilding workers are involved in steel plate blasting and cutting, metal smelting and welding. These tasks either produce metal particulates or metal fumes, which may cause significant health effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate metal exposure of shipbuilding workers in terms of workplace air measurements and biomarker monitoring. Ten workers each from the cutting sector, the bulk material welding sector, and the fine welding sector were recruited. Personal air samples were sampled by MCE filters held in cassettes at a flow rate of 2 L/min. Spot urines were collected before and after work for five consecutive days. In addition to personal samples, area samples were taken from these woroplaces. Both air and urine samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Of these three sectors, workers in the fine welding sector had the highest concentrations since the workplace of this sector is more likely a confined space and has limited ventilation. High correlations between metals were found in air samples. This indicated metals were likely from the same sources. Further, factor analysis was used to extract sources. Accordingly, two factors were extracted and they were probably steel plate and welding material. No correlation was found between air and urine samples . The long half lives of metals in human metabolism blurred the effect of cuurent exposure. Although all concentrations measured in this study were below the permissible exposure limits, the effect of multiple metal exposure is not clear. This need futher study.