藥事工作站人因危害分析與規劃設計

以往在工業上對於工作站的設計考量，主要著眼於機械設備本身之效率，極少考慮到人員的能力特性與工作需求間的配合，因此工作站的設計不佳，而易導致工作效率降低與工作傷病問題，例如累積性肌肉骨骼傷害的發生。運用人因工程方法於工作站的設計，在於尋求人員能力及工作之最佳配合，以提高工作效率、提昇操作系統及增進工作滿意度。本研究目的即為探討藥事工作站的人因危害及規劃設計。本研究以某醫學中心門診藥局之藥事作業人員為研究對象，研究可分為四個部份，第一部份進行問卷調查，以瞭解藥事作業人員肌肉骨骼不適的分佈情形；第二部份針對藥事作業人員進行工作分析、工作站尺寸測量及人體計測資料，評估工作站潛在危害評估；第三部份為現場環境量測，第四部份則為調劑模擬實驗。結果顯示，在問卷方面，藥事作業人員在肩膀不適(86.3%)、手與手腕不適(79.5%)及頸部(68.1%)有較高的不適症狀，而在使用BRIEF檢核表的評估方面，與問卷結果相比較有較高的潛在危害。現場環境量測方面，工作台面有過低之情形。調劑模擬實驗發現，加註中文、加入指認呼喚動作及紅藍色等不同標籤介面下其取藥速度有顯著差異。研究結果發現，門診藥局之藥事人員其肌肉骨骼不適症狀之比率相當高，因此建議改善其作業台面高度。良好的工作站不只有硬體上的設計，更應該將人機介面的適合度納入考慮，設計適合於作業人員使用的高效率工作站。

關鍵字

門診藥局；問卷調查；工作分析；工作站設計

並列摘要

Ergonomics Hazards Analysis and Improvement Design of Pharmacy Workstations Abstract In industrial workstation design the primary concern has usually been the improvement of the performance of the equipment alone. Little consideration is given towards matching the abilities of the operator with the task requirements. Consequently, many industrial workstations are poorly designed, resulting in lost worker productivity and unnecessary injury at the workplace. An ergonomics approach to the design of an industrial workstation attempts to achieve an appropriate balance between the worker capabilities and work requirements to optimize worker productivity and the total system, job satisfaction and safety. The aim of this study is to detect ergonomics hazards analysis and improvement design of pharmacy workstations. The subjects of this study were pharmacists on outpatient pharmacy of center of medical sciences. There were 4 part of this study: 1) questionnaire to survey the musculoskeletal symptoms, 2) ergonomic job analysis and measuring data of the workstations and anthropometry. 3) Measuring data of the working environment, 4) simulate experimentation of preparation. The results showed that pharmacists self-reported high musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in shoulder(86.3%),hand/wrist(79.5%),and neck(68.1%). The result of BRIEF is overestimated in comparing with the questionnaire.The result of antropometry and measurement of workstations showed that pharmaceutical workstation’s height is lower than suggestion. It is easy to result in musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in neck, shoulder and low back. The best workstation is not have design of hardware only and should think about the user interface, and design a high performance to fit pharmacists. Keywords: outpatient pharmacy, questionnaire, job analysis, workstation design