- 學位論文
台灣人牙齦顏色之探討與臨床補綴應用
Analysis of Taiwanese gingival color and it's application on clinical prosthodontics.
摘要
在牙科贋復的美學概念中，「顏色」是極為重要的一環。關於牙齒顏色的分佈呈現與比較，自古至今已有大量的研究分析，另外臨床牙齒比色的技術已不斷進步且接近成熟；但回顧所有文獻，可明顯發現在牙齦顏色的探討方面，卻一直缺少足夠的研究資料，且現今仍沒有較具可靠性和準確度的牙齦比色系統出現。因此本研究的目的即藉由設計一套精準且具高可信度的測量儀器及方式，得知台灣人牙齦顏色之實際數值，並將數據資料進行統計分析來了解牙齦顏色的呈現特性及各種變因上的差異，將其應用在學術及臨床發展上，創立一套前所未有的牙齦比色系統。 本研究利用比色方式中最精確的光譜儀，依發射光源與接受光纖之間夾45度角的設計來組成測量儀器，測量前牙區域之健康牙齦，得知牙齦顏色之CIELAB值，再利用一般統計來分析其顏色分佈情形外，並算出兩個不同年齡層的族群，以及性別之間其統計值的顏色差異值(ΔE值)，另外也利用ANOVA分析來個別比較L*、a*和b*值的差異；最後用統計學中的cluster analysis做色階分類。 統計結果分析後發現總共362名受測者中，於年齡方面並沒有統計學上的顯著差異；而在性別方面則有差異(ΔE > 3.7)，且女生的牙齦顏色要比男生的來的亮( p < 0.05)。最後利用統計軟體分類方式建立了一套全新的牙齦比色系統及十種分類來製造臨床上最常使用的比色板。 希望能藉由本研究的開端，促使將來有更多關於牙齦顏色的研究產生，以支持牙齦顏色分佈及比較數據的完整性，並能開發出更精準完備的牙齦比色板及牙齦比色機。
並列摘要
The “color” is an integral part of esthetic dentistry. In conception of dental prosthetics, technique of tooth-color matching has developed fast and almost to maturation until now. However, it’s apparent that there is lack of enough studies in gingiva-color matching and no one effectively system for clinical application that supported by studies had developed. The purpose of this study is to analyze distribution and difference of Taiwanese gingival color though precise measurement and statistical analysis, and to develop a new gingival color matching system for clinical application. We use the most precise method, a reflectance spectrometer, and an external light source were set up in a 45/0 degree optical configuration to measure the color of gingiva. A total of 362 human subjects with healthy gingiva were divided into groups according to sex and age. The Commission Internationale de l‘Eclairage L*, a*, and b* (CIELAB) values and differences in color (ΔE) were measured. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and cluster analyses were used to analyse the data. Results: There are significant differences in the gingival color by sex (ΔE > 3.7). The mean CIE L* value of female gingiva is significantly higher than that of male gingiva ( p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between age groups. 10 categories for gingival color are established. Conclusion: The gingival color of females is lighter than that of males. The proposed color classification can be used as a gingival shade guide reference by dental laboratory technicians. We need much further studies to support the data of gingival color, a more precised color matching system and even a gingival colorimeter.