- 學位論文
附子製程標準化研究
Study on the standardized processes of Aconitum carmichaelii
摘要
附子始載於《神農本草經》，其為毛茛科Ranunculaceae植物烏頭 Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. 之乾燥子根，自古至今是中醫常用的藥材。根據文獻記載，附子具有強心、擴張血管、鎮痛、抗炎等作用。生附子具有較強的毒性，通常會炮製後才在臨床上使用。 本研究為藉由傳統炮製方法為基礎，結合改良後的現代方法，例如蒸製、迴流等，進行炮製標準化程序的研究。本實驗從大陸四川產地收集生附子及膽巴開始，經過模擬傳統炮製加工的程序，控制各種加工參數，收集炮製過程中各階段之樣品進行追蹤分析，由附子的雙酯型烏頭鹼aconitine、mesaconitine及hypaconitine等毒性較強的成分，與單酯型烏頭鹼benzoylaconine、benzoylhypaconine及benzoylmesaconine等低毒性成分的消長變化情況，結合傳統製程與市售有效產品比較，找到最佳的炮製條件。 傳統方法炮製的結果中，膽巴水迴流、水洗淨、蒸煮等時間之變化，會影響雙酯型及單酯型烏頭鹼含量。而在現代炮製法結果中，水煮、蒸煮時間及烘乾溫度等變因，也會劇烈影響雙酯型及單酯型烏頭鹼含量。比較傳統方法炮製及現代改良方法炮製中，現代改良方法炮製得到的含量呈現較預期中的佳，且炮製的時間較短，也不會有膽巴在炮製工業中所造成的環境污染。 本研究所建立之炮製方法，將可建立附子化學研究之基礎，控制雙酯型及單酯型烏頭鹼含量及比例，對於進一步附子藥理、毒理與臨床研究，將會有重大之貢獻。
並列摘要
Fuzi, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine originally reported in Shen Nong canon of Herbs, is the dried daughter root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Wu-tou) belonging to the family of Ranunculaceae. According to reports, Fuzi was prescribed for cardiotonic actions, vasodilation, analgesia, anti-inflammation, etc. Due to its stronger toxicity, Fuzi only can be used in clinics after processed. This research for standardization in processing of Fuzi based on traditional processed methods in cooperation with modern methods, such as steaming and refluxing. In the beginning, raw materials of Fuzi and natural salt “Danba” were collected from Sichuan province in China. We simulated the procedures for traditional processing, and collected samples of each processing stage in different manufacturing conditions for content analysis. The contents and variation of more toxic ingredients, such as diester alkaloids: aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine, and less toxic ingredients, such as monoester alkaloids: benzoylaconine, benzoylhypaconine and benzoylmesaconine, were monitored to find the best processing factors. We wish to find a suitable processing method referring to traditional processes and marketing products. In traditional processed methods, time for refluxing Fuzi with Danba, washing Fuzi with water, and steaming will affect contents and ratios of diester and monoester aconitum alkaloids. In modern improved processed methods, time for refluxing, steaming and/or dring temperature on Fuzi will dramaticly affect contents and ratios of diester and monoester aconitum alkaloids. We compared the traditional with modern improved processed methods, and we found that the data of modern improved processed methods showed better results than we expacted. The modern one takes less time in practice, and there is no pollution caused by Danba in industry. The processed methods built the foundation in natural product chemistry to quality and quantity control of contents and ratios of diester and monoester aconitum alkaloids. The results can benefit to the future studies in pharmacology, toxicology and clinical thearpy.