- 學位論文
趴桌午睡對工作記憶與自主神經活動之影響
Effect of nap at the desk on working memory and autonomic nervous system
摘要
研究目的：由於約日節律及睡眠債的影響，午後睏睡是許多人常遇到的狀況，多數人常藉白日小睡來恢復精神，在台灣常以趴桌或躺床的方式來進行小睡，然而不同姿勢的影響卻鮮少被探討。本研究想了解趴桌與躺床小睡是否對主客觀睡眠、醒後認知功能與自主神經活動產生不同影響。 研究方法： 17位（2男15女，21.75±2.19歲）有小睡習慣的健康成年人進行研究，每個人都會進行兩次實驗，一次為趴桌小睡，另一次為躺床小睡，採對抗平衡法，兩次實驗中間需間隔三天以上。過程中會紀錄其腦波及心電圖等數據，以供事後判讀其睡眠階段，所有參與者皆會在進入階段一睡眠後30分鐘被叫醒。實驗前後會填寫睡眠相關問卷及進行工作記憶作業，並在作業後讓參與者自評作業表現。 研究結果：趴桌睡的總睡眠時間與睡眠效率比躺床低，而清醒時間與入睡時距會顯著高於躺床睡的情況。在主觀上趴桌睡會覺得睡得比躺床睡來得差、入睡程度也較淺。在認知作業表現方面，兩次小睡前後測皆沒有差異，然而在自評表現時卻認為自己在趴桌睡後表現有變好。自主神經活動的部分，在清醒時的休息狀態下，趴桌姿勢比起躺的姿勢，lnHF較高而LF/HF較低，反映出趴桌姿勢具有較高生理放鬆效果。趴桌睡與躺床睡相比，進入睡眠後lnLF及LF/HF上升，顯示較無法放鬆，與主觀的結果一致。 研究結論：小睡時躺姿的主客觀睡眠與自主神經活動情形皆比趴桌睡好，建議進行小睡時宜採取躺床睡姿以獲得最大效益。保持清醒的休息狀態下，則採趴桌姿勢放鬆效果較佳。趴桌睡與躺床睡的小睡後表現沒有差異。
並列摘要
Research Purpose: Due to the influence of sleep debt and circadian rhythm, people feeling sleepiness in the afternoon. A daytime nap may serve as a sleepiness countermeasure. In Taiwan, people often nap at the desk or lie on the bed, but the impact of posture is rarely explored. The purpose of this paper is investigate the effects of nap at the desk on sleep, cognitive performance and autonomic nervous system. Research Methods: Seventeen healthy habitual nappers (15 women, 2 men, aged 21.75±2.19) participated in a repeated measures design comprising two experimental conditions(nap at the desk, nap in the bed) with intervals of more than 3 day between conditions. EEG and ECG will be recorded during the daytime nap, participants were awakened after 30 minutes of stage 1 sleep. Subjective alertness, performance on working memory task, sleep-related scale, and the self-assessment performance scale were measured before and after the nap. Research Result: Compared to nap in the bed, people who nap at the desk had significantly less total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and more wake time after sleep onset and sleep latency, and they also subjectively report poor sleep quality. Performance on working memory task did not improve after awake in both two conditions. However, on the contrary, participants assess their own performance becomes good after nap at the desk. Compared to nap in the bed, people who nap at the desk had increase lnLF and LF/HF from baseline to sleep. In baseline, people who nap at the desk had higher lnHF, with lower LF/HF. Conclusion: Nap in the bed had better subjective and objective sleep, and autonomic activity. The data also suggested the effect of lying down to sleep is the best. However, rest the head and arms on the desk can be more relaxed in physically. There is no difference in the performance after awake in both two nap posture.