- 學位論文
台農一號番木瓜葉部化學成分之研究
Phytochemical Constituents of Leaves of Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung No.1
摘要
番木瓜(Carica papaya L.)為番木瓜科(Caricaceae)番木瓜屬(Carica)中單屬單種之植物，為多年生半草本經濟果樹，原生於中南美洲與非洲，目前被廣泛栽培於熱帶及亞熱帶的低海拔地區。台灣番木瓜的育種成就極高，目前改良以及引進的品種主要有十二個，皆具其特色與優勢。其葉部在世界各地被當作傳統用藥已有一段歷史，具有抗菌、利尿、抗瘧疾、治療皮膚病與氣喘等功效。本研究在抗發炎活性試驗中發現於台南收集之台農一號番木瓜(C. papaya L. cv. Tainung No.1)葉部之75%乙醇水溶液層具有其活性(inh.% of superoxide anion = 64.10 ± 4.08，inh.% of elastase release = 59.32 ± 5.17, n = 3)，進而進行萃取及分離。 本研究將分配萃取後的75%乙醇水溶液層利用層析法進行成分分離與純化，發現其富含脂肪酸與脂肪酸接醣類化合物，且另有十七個化合物從此植物被分離出來，包括三個三萜類化合物: 24(S)-cycloart-25-en-3β,24-diol (1)、24(R)-cycloart-25-en-3β,24-diol (2)和23(E)-cycloart-23-en-3β,25-diol (3)，一個倍半萜類化合物: epi-loliolide (4)，兩個苯類化合物: ethyl-trans-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (5)和ethyl-cis-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (6)，兩個脂肪酸類化合物: hexadecanoic acid-2’,3’-dihydroxy propyl ester (7)和13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid (8)，一個黃酮類化合物: kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside (9)，一個醯胺類化合物: (R)-mandelamide (10)，三個核苷類化合物: uracil (11)、adenine (12)和adenosine (13)，兩個固醇類化合物: stigmasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (14)和β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (15)，其餘兩個未知化合物尚待解析。在這些已解析的化合物中除了固醇類化合物β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (15)以外，其他均為首次由番木瓜分離而得之化合物，以上化合物之結構式皆以質譜及光譜分析方法確認。 在生物活性方面，其萃取物具有抗發炎活性，而純化合物之生物活性試驗仍在進行中。
關鍵字
番木瓜並列摘要
Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) is the sole species of Carica genus, family Caricaceae. It is a widely cultivated fruit tree native to Central and South America. Not only being a common nutrient but this plant has been used for a long time in Asian folk medicine for contraception and abortion. In Taiwan, there are about twelve cultivars for receiving extensive popularization. In this study, we collected Carica papaya L. cv. Tainung No.1 leaves (6.3 kg) from Tainan city and extracted by EtOH. The extract was then partitioned to yield four layers (n-hexane, 25% aqueous EtOH, n-BuOH and H2O layer). From these four layers, 25% aqueous EtOH layer showed anti-inflammatory activity(inh.% of superoxide anion = 64.10 ± 4.08，inh.% of elastase release = 59.32 ± 5.17, n = 3). After the chromatographic separation of the 25% aqueous EtOH fractions, our results revealed this layer is rich in fatty acids and saccharide-fatty acid esters and yielded seventeen compounds. Among them, fifteen compounds were identified, including three triterpenoids: 24(S)-cycloart-25-en-3β, 24-diol (1), 24(R)-cycloart-25-en-3β, 24-diol (2), 23(Z)-cycloart-23-en-3β, 25-diol (3), one sesquiterpenoid: loliolide (4), two benzenoids: ethyl-trans-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (5) and ethyl-cis-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (6), two organic acids: hexadecanoic acid-2’,3’-dihydroxy propyl ester (7) and 13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid (8), one flavonoid: kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside (9), one amide: (R)-mandelamide (10), two nucleobases: uracil (11) and adenine (12), one nucleoside: adenosine (13) and two steroids: a mixture of stigmasteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (14) and β-sitosteryl-3-O-β-D-glucoside (15). The structures of the isolates were identified by spectral analysis. In addition, two compounds are still under elucidating. These compounds were isolated for the first time from C. papaya L. except compound 15. The biological activities of isolates are currently under investigation.