- 學位論文
暴露時間對皮膚去污效果和二次暴露的風險-水楊酸甲酯的去污研究
The effect of exposure time on skin decontamination efficacy and secondary transfer exposure risk – decontamination of methyl salicylate
摘要
隨著科技的發展，化學物的使用日漸頻繁，當化學災害發生時，可能會造成大量的傷患暴露於高濃度的化學品中，而醫院端必須為傷患進行緊急去污並接著醫療救護。因此建立一套緊急去污的流程，有效率得處理大量傷患，以及避免傷患與救護人員受到二次汙染為本研究目的。本研究以水楊酸甲酯替代芥子氣作為模擬污染物，因其理化特性與芥子氣相近，對於人體之健康影響低。本研究實驗於某醫學中心的化災去污室進行模擬，以豬皮做為暴露皮膚，並評估不同暴露時間時，水楊酸甲酯以水進行去污後的結果。實驗過程中採集水樣與空氣樣本，並透過樣實驗結果推算二次暴露風險與去污效果。 本研究設定了一分鐘的去污程序，並在400 cm2的豬皮上施加10 mL的水楊酸甲酯，在每沖洗10秒時收集一次樣本，分別暴露水楊酸甲酯於豬皮上1分鐘、10分鐘以及30分鐘，並以不鏽鋼作為比較組。研究的結果顯示，暴露時間越長，一分鐘的去污程序下，去汙效率越少，分別是95.37%、87.61%以即86.16%，實驗結果顯示第一個10秒即可去除81.20%~93.82%的水楊酸甲酯。相對於不銹鋼組，水楊酸甲酯在1分鐘、10分鐘以及30分鐘進入皮膚之量分別為4.8%、3.79%以及7.83%。在本研究中暴露評估的結果顯示，受污染者在1分鐘、10分鐘及30分鐘水楊酸甲酯進入皮膚的濃度，以芥子氣的半數致死劑量(LD50)100 mg/kg比較下，其劑量分別為芥子氣LOD的1.02%、10.17%與30.52%。經由暴露評估結果顯示，救護人員在去污程序下之二次傳輸暴露所造成之健康效應不大。儘管此暴露量對於健康影響小，研究結果與其他文獻資料皆顯示盡早去汙，可減少暴露量。
並列摘要
Events of dermal exposure to hazardous materials are increasing. When an unexpected chemical exposure happen, dozens of casualties may rush to hospitals and seek for decontamination and medical treatment. It is important to establish an efficient procedure to treat people with dermal exposure to hazardous materials. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of contact time on skin decontamination and to estimate possible secondary transfer exposure risk. Methyl salicylate has the same physical properties as mustard gas, and no or negligible adverse health effects. It is a good surrogate contaminant for dermal exposure experiments. Our experiment was performed in a chemical decontamination room of a medical center. Methyl salicylate was appliedonporcine skin at different contact times and decontamination began after that. A one-minute decontamination procedure was evaluated by collecting the water samples from the runoff every 10 s, and air samples were taken for the entire decontamination procedure. Water and air sampling results were used to evaluate decontamination efficacy and secondary transfer exposure. The result showed that the first 10s can wash 81.2%~96.59% of methyl salicylate away and the highest residual amount was foundon the skinwith longer exposure time. Results of exposure assessment showed emergency staff exposure was much lower than ICt50 of mustard gas. This indicated that the adverse health effects causing from this exposure are not severe. According to the findings of our research and the literature, decontaminationshould be applied as soon as possible to avoid more exposure and severe consequences.