成年人口腔保健行為與衛教需求相關性之探討─以台南縣為例

研究背景：過去有關口腔保健研究報告均有其特定區域及選樣，但未包括台南縣。研究目的：本研究以家戶問卷訪查方式，針對台南縣居民年滿18歲以上成年人，調查口腔保健行為及口腔衛教需求之現況及相關性，並依不同地區形態探討其差異。研究方法：研究設計以分層多階段集束抽樣調查法等比隨機抽樣方式，採分層二階段等機率抽樣原則，共回收421份問卷，受訪者中男性218人（51.76%）女性203人(48.24%)，利用描述性、推論性統計、複迴歸進行資料分析。結果：　　研究結果中發現：口腔保健行為與人口特質方面，每日刷牙次數早晚二次居多(56.1%），其中年齡18-34歲，未婚、高中職以上、專業人員為高，沿海地區高於山地(48.8%)。有51.2%居民刷牙超過三分鐘，進食後有漱口習慣更達82.0%、除了牙刷外使用牙籤清潔口腔有47.5%，牙線使用率只有29.0%，以年齡18-34歲、教育程度高中職以上、專業人員為多，居民最常使用橫擦法刷牙(57.4%)，尤其山地型居民達79.1%，而採貝氏刷牙法只占16.5%，人口學特質與牙科就醫習慣中發現，台南縣居民有定期看牙醫習慣者，只有13.9%，其中半年看一次未達半數(48.6%)、看牙時機大多是不舒服才去(77.9%)，66%的居民因為在過去一年內未牙痛，所以沒有看牙醫，山地型居民則有交通不便、太忙及嫌太貴現象。　　有73.2%台南縣居民覺得需加強口腔衛生知識，但年齡屬65歲以上、教育程度小學以下、半技術非技術人員則需求較低，並達顯著差異；居民希望獲得口腔知識管道依序為1.寄資料到府(64.5%) 2.傳播媒體(53.4%) 3.醫療院所(36.7%) 4.社區講座(20.4%) 5.網站(11.8%)；而最希望獲得的口腔衛生知識依序為：1.牙齒保健(75.5%)2.預防牙周病(56.4%) 3.預防蛀牙(47.6%) 4.口腔癌自我檢查(44.5%) 5.正確刷牙(37.7%) 6.嬰幼兒牙齒保養(27.6%)。結論：　　由本研究分析中瞭解台南縣居民口腔保健行為，因人口學特質及地區而顯不同，且呈現希望就不同管道加強口腔衛生教育之需求。

關鍵字

衛教需求；口腔保健行為；成年人

並列摘要

Background： In the past, all research about oral hygiene has specified its own particular district and chosen cases, and there has been no research aimed at Tainan County. In this research, we adapted a household survey and focused on adult residents (over 18-year-old) who live in Tainan County． Objective： In this survey, we investigated present status and relativities between oral-hygienic behavior and demands of health education, and derive the difference from different areas. Method： The study design was a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling with selection probability proportional to size (PPS). There were totally 421 questionnaires returned, and the male/female ratio was 218 (51.76%)/ 203 (48.24%), respectively. We analyzed our data by using descriptive, inferential statistics, and multiple regressions. Result：　In our research, we had following findings: A. Oral-hygienic behavior and demography characteristics: 56.1% of participants brushed their teeth twice a day (day and night), and we found higher frequencies at the groups of age between 18-34, single, well-educated (senior high school or above), professionals. We also found that the prevalence rate of teeth brushing of the plain area residents was higher than mountainous residents (48.8%). There was 51.2% brushing their teeth for more than 3 minutes, and 82.0% people had a mouth washing habit after meals. There were 47.5% who cleaned their teeth by using both a toothbrush and a toothpick, and only 29.2% use dental floss (most of them were at the age between 18 to 34, single, education with senior high school or above, and professionals). About 57.4% brushed their teeth by the horizontal brushing method, and especially 79.1% in mountainous area. There was only 16.5% adapted the Bass method. B. Dental visit behaviors and demography characteristics: Only 13.9% visited dental clinics regularly. Less than half (48.6%) visited their dentists twice a year. There was 77.9% visiting dentists only when having toothache or feeling uncomfortable. There was 66% not having any dental visits within one year because of no toothache. We also found that the mountainous residents felt expensive and inconvenient to visit a dentist. There were 73.2% who think they need to strengthen their knowledge of oral hygiene. However, there were obvious less need of those more than 65 years old, elementary school educated or less, semi or non-techniques. The ways from which these participants wish to obtain knowledge of oral hygiene were: 1. By delivering information to their home (64.5%) 2. Through mass media (53.4%) 3. Hospitals and clinics (36.7%) 4. Community lecture (20.4%) 5. Internet (11.8%) The information of oral-hygiene these participants wish to obtain in sequence: 1. Dental care (75.5%) 2. Periodontitis prevention (56.4%) 3. Decayed tooth prevention (47.6%) 4. Self-oral checking (44.5%) 5. Accurate teeth brushing method (37.7%) 6. Dental care for infants and toddlers (27.6%) Conclusion： We concluded that with differences between demography characteristics and originality, the oral hygiene behavior of people in Tainan County differed with other research. We also found that they showed their needs to strengthen their oral hygiene education through different ways.