漢民族與原住民兒童齲齒狀況、飲食狀況與生長發育之相關性研究

The Study of Correlation among Caries, Diet and Growth Status of Han and Aboriginal Children

彭楨樺(Cheng-Hua Peng)

指導教授 ： 謝天渝

高雄醫學大學/口腔醫學院/口腔衛生科學研究所碩士在職專班/碩士(2005年)

摘要

研究背景：
目前國內外對於兒童口腔狀況和營養狀況之調查研究多係探討不同地區別如山地鄉與平地鄉的差異，本研究則進而探討在相同生長環境、教育與醫療資源的山地鄉，兒童齲齒狀況和營養狀況是否會因種族的不同而有所差異，以瞭解影響不同種族間兒童齲齒狀況與營養狀況的重要因素，期能有效改善山地鄉兒童口腔衛生保健與營養狀況。

研究目的：
探討在相同生長環境、教育與醫療資源下，不同種族間兒童齲齒狀況、飲食狀況及生長發育之情形及其相關性。

研究方法：
以南投縣信義鄉4－6歲學齡兒童為研究對象，進行口腔檢查、生長發育評估及幼兒飲食頻率問卷調查，計取得有效樣本294人，其中漢民族兒童127人（43.20％），原住民兒童167人（56.80％）。

結果：
本研究發現在相同生長環境、教育與醫療資源下，漢民族兒童齲齒顆數為5.05顆、齲齒指數為6.92顆，原住民兒童齲齒顆數為7.07顆、齲齒指數為7.89顆，原住民兒童的齲齒顆數與齲齒指數仍明顯高於漢民族兒童；原住民兒童的齲齒顆數及齲齒指數會隨著母親教育程度增加而顯著減少；原住民兒童攝取含糖食品情況嚴重且較不注重鈣質攝取；而在果醬類、甜點類、含糖飲料類及零食與甜食類的攝取頻率上，原住民兒童高於漢民族兒童，此亦造成原住民兒童較高的齲齒顆數與齲齒指數；另研究發現原住民兒童對鮮奶類、新鮮蔬菜類、豆製品、蛋類、家禽家畜肉類、水產魚貝類、甜點等食物攝取頻率愈高，體重較重，顯示含糖食品攝取頻率較高，會影響兒童生長發育狀況；而不論是漢民族或原住民兒童，屬過輕體位者其齲齒顆數與齲齒指數，均較正常體位者為高。

結論：
故經由本研究發現在相同生長環境、教育與醫療資源下，原住民兒童的齲齒顆數、齲齒指數仍明顯高於漢民族兒童，究其原因主係原住民兒童齲齒狀況受其母親教育程度影響，另原住民兒童對於果醬類、甜點類、含糖飲料類及零食與甜食類的攝取頻率明顯較漢民族兒童高，且相對影響其生長發育狀況，更是重要的影響因素。顯示俟後宜積極教育山地鄉父母親正確飲食觀念，進而促其關注小孩減少對於果醬類、甜點類、含糖飲料類及零食與甜食類等飲食類別的攝取頻率，期使山地鄉兒童口腔與營養狀況，能獲得有效改善。

關鍵詞：漢民族、原住民、齲齒狀況、飲食狀況、生長發育情形

關鍵字

齲齒狀況 ； 飲食狀況 ； 生長發育情形 ； 原住民 ； 漢民族

並列摘要

Abstract

Research background:
Most research on the oral condition and nutritional status of children has focused on the difference between different regions, such as mountainous areas versus low lying areas. This study intends to probe the condition of dental caries and nutritional status of children who share the same growing environment, education, and medical resources in mountainous regions in respect to their race, in order to find out important factors that affect the condition of dental caries and nutritional status of children of difference races, and in the hope of improving the oral hygiene and nutritional status of children in mountainous regions.

Research objectives:
To discuss the condition of dental caries, dietary status, and growth of children who share the same growing environment, education, and medical resources in mountainous regions in respect to their race.

Research method:
The subjects were 4-6 years old preschool children in Sinyi Township, Nantou County. The methods included an oral check, growth evaluation, and questionnaire survey on dietary frequency. The valid samples were 294 children, of those 127 (43.20%) were Han People, 167 (56.80%) were aborigines.

Results:
The study found that given the same growing environment, education, and medical resources, the number of dental caries in Han People children was 5.05 and the dental caries index was 6.92; while the number of dental caries in aboriginal children was 7.07 and the dental caries index was 7.89. The number of dental caries and the dental caries index were significantly higher than those of the Han People children the number of the dental caries and dental caries index of aboriginal children decreased as the mother’s education level increased; aboriginal children consume more sweets and neglect the consumption of calcium; in terms of the consumption frequency of jam, desserts, sugar-based drinks, snacks, and sweets, the frequency of the aboriginal children is higher than that of Han People , and results in a higher number of dental caries and a higher dental caries index; also, aboriginal children consume more milk products, fresh vegetables, bean products, eggs, meet, fish and shellfish, and desserts, which results in heavier weight, showing that higher consumption frequency of sweet foods may affect the growth of the children; in both Han People and aboriginal children, the number of dental caries and the dental caries index of lightweight children is higher than that of normal weight children.

Conclusion:
The research results show that in the same growing environment, educational and medical resources, the number of dental caries of aboriginal children is higher than that of Han People children. The main cause is that the dental condition of the aboriginal children is affected by the mother’s education level. Also, the consumption of jam, sweets, sugar-based drinks, snacks, and desserts is much higher than that of Han People children, thus, the behavior has affected their physical growth, which is another important factor. Education provided to Aboriginal parents on the correct dietary intake, thus, reduce the amount of jam, sweets, sugar-based drinks, snacks, and desserts consumed by aboriginal children could improve the oral and nutritional conditions of aboriginal children.

Keywords: Han People, aborigine, dental caries, dietary status, growth status

並列關鍵字

dental caries ； dietary status ； growth status ； Han People ； aborigine

參考文獻

參考文獻

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