臉部整形美容醫療情境中的女性身體經驗

Women’s Embodied Experiences in Facial Aesthetic Surgery

鄭婉君(Wan-Chun Cheng)

指導教授 ： 許敏桃

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/性別研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

由於整形美容醫療廣泛使用於人們的日常生活中，且女性使用人數遠多於男性。因此，本研究目的在探討女性經歷臉部整形醫療的體現經驗。論文以Denzin（1989）的解釋性互動論(Interpretive Interactionism) 為分析方法，對6位女性進行深度訪談。她們的年齡分佈於20-50歲，訪談時間共計3至6小時不等。研究者以錄音方式錄下整個訪談過程，並輔以田野觀察情境脈絡的筆記資料。經由語言的互動與詮釋，在解構與再建構的過程中再現其身體呈現的方式。
分析結果呈現三個主題，包括：「身體與他人」、「身體即自我」及「醫療進入協商」，從不同層面瞭解醫療與女性的關係，次主題則說明女性如何組織運作日常生活事件，以及她們賦予臉部整形的詮釋與意義。在「身體與他人」的面向上，臉是形成印象的重要身體部位，亦關聯於個人的社會角色與文化價值。女性存在於一般他人、倫常關係與社會文化作為他人的社會脈絡裡，「我就是他人」，而自己也「成為他人的他人」，共構身體的概念。在「身體即自我」的面向上，女性完美的身體意象代表完美的自我，於是不完美的生活體現了不完美的自我。既然身體/自我是整體生活的一部分，因此，在「醫療進入協商」的面向上，女性讓整形美容醫療協助處理身體與自我的疏離。於是「醫療連結他人」強化美貌概念，及「醫療定義身體」指出正常與不正常，引出「醫療介入身體」的策略。逐漸將身體「客體化」而易於「可操作化」，最終達到「轉化」身體/自我的目的。同時，女性也憑藉這個機會展現行動力，以新的面貌體現個人的社會關係。
研究發現，女性的身體觀夾雜著社會、性別與醫療的概念。「社會身體」反映社會體制對女性的限制、「政治身體」指出身體性別化的要求、「醫療身體」則是醫療化過程中對女性的影響。在關心複雜的社會如何操作身體影響女性的同時，更應該將焦點回到女性本身的思考與行動。最後，研究提供醫療、社會與個人建議，期許在理解女性的體現經驗後，女性生命得以開拓。

關鍵字

體現經驗 ； 整形 ； 臉 ； 女性 ； 行動力 ； 性別研究

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to explore women’s embodied experiences in facial aesthetic surgery. Utilizing Denzin’s interpretative interactionism (1989), the data of this research was collected by means of participant observation and in- depth interview. The informants, six women, were recruited by purpose sampling. Their age are between twenty and fifty. Each interview lasts three to six hours. The whole interview process was recorded on tapes and wrote on filed note. Through the interaction and interpretation, women’s embodied experiences are represented.
Interview texts were analyzed and grouped into these three major themes: “the body and the others”, “the body is selves”, “medical negotiation”. The research discusses the women’s embodied experience derived from the interaction between women and medicine. The first major themes, “the body and the others” embraces two subthemes including “I am the others”, “I am the others’ others” and contains the underline meaning that the “face” is strongly related to an individual’s role as well as value in the social-cultural context in which body concepts were constructed. The second major theme, “the body is selves” means women’s narratives of perfect body is compatible with perfect selves. The imperfect body of women interplays imperfect embodied selves. Therefore, the last major theme, “medical negotiation”, reveals how medicine comes into the picture while women managing the alienation between body and self. Through “medicine connects toward the others” and “medicine defines the normal bodies”, their bodies are objectified and become manipulability by aesthetic surgery. It is, in terms, medicine provides the chance to transform imperfect women’s body/self. Women express their agency by this opportunity, and present their new embodied social relationship through a brand new beautiful face.
The researcher discussed women’s embodied experiences of facial aesthetic surgery were concentrated by three premises: “social bodies” reflects women see their body/self through socio-cultural lens; “political bodies” reveals societal requirement of gendered body; and “medicalized bodies” means women’s body confined by medical systems. In the meantime of putting our concern on how socio-cultural perspectives manipulate female body, we need to draw our attentions back to the authority of body owned by female and the agency of female body against medicalization. Researcher suggests that understanding is the key toward knowing of women’s embodied experience.

並列關鍵字

embodied experiences ； agency and gender study ； facial aesthetic surgery ； face ； women

參考文獻

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