智慧型手機使用者接受手機訊號刺激之腦波、皮膚電位、心率變異與心理健康之關係

背景：台灣民眾對於智慧型手機的使用相當的普遍，上網率更是高達80.3%(1,883萬人)，手機上網時間高達197分鐘，位居全球第一。民眾出門必帶手機儼然已經成為一種習慣，可見對帶智慧型手機的依賴程度。而上網最常從事的活動包括：上網路社群、使用即時通訊軟體以及瀏覽網頁等。過去一些針對智慧型手機的相關研究皆發現，智慧型手機依賴程度越高者，其越容易呈現焦慮、失眠、身體疲勞、甚至引發憂鬱症狀等。方法：研究設計為橫斷式研究法，採方便取樣，收案期間為2017年3月14日至2017年5月26日。本研究以生理指標腦波、皮膚電位及心率變異，與智慧型手機成癮量表、社交互動焦慮量表、曾氏焦慮量表以及健康狀態量表來測量受試者之心理健康。結果：本研究共收100位受試者，其中58位為女性，42位為男性，監測受試者在接受手機訊號刺激前後其生理指標(腦波、心率變異及皮膚電位)的變化情形，以pair-t 檢定受試者接收手機訊號前、後之EEG指標發現，θ波最小值 (t=6.352, p<.001)，α波最小值(t=4.779, p<.001) ，α波最大值(t=-4.047, p<.001)，α波全距(t=-4.388, p<.001)，以及β波最小值(t=6.029, p<.001)，皆達顯著差異。在HRV發現，在刺激前與後HRV指標之SDNN (t=6.636, p<.001)與LF最大值 (t=2.706, p=.008)，皆達顯著差異。在SC發現，SC最小值 (t=5.613, p<.001)，SC最大值 (t=5.227, p<.001)及SC平均值 (t=5.470, p<.001)，皆達顯著差異。以stepwise Linear regression分析發現，β波最小值會隨著社交焦慮感上升而提高，焦慮程度較低者其SDNN會較高，另皮膚電位對刺激的反應會隨著年紀的增加而下降。討論：本研究發現腦波中的β波最小值會隨著社交焦慮感上升而提高，結果推論delta及beta波可以測量社交焦慮。而曾氏焦慮量表上升，心率變異指標中的SDNN_d (心跳間期標準差刺激後減刺激前)會下降，另外曾氏焦慮量表上升，HF_d (高頻刺激後減刺激前)差距亦會減少。焦慮程度較高者其SDNN會較低， SDNN提升有助於改善個人的自律神經運作。另外結果發現，年齡增加，皮膚電位最小值、最大值及平均值在刺激後減刺激前皆會下降，顯示年齡較大者，皮膚電位水平較年輕人低，皮膚隨著年紀的增長而變薄，以至於皮膚含水量減少。使用智慧型手機上網、娛樂以及社交等，已成為台灣民眾日常生活不可或缺的一環，透過腦波、心率變異、皮膚電位以及焦慮量表可以監測智慧型手機使用者之心理健康，能更精確提供民眾心理健康之監測方式。

關鍵字

智慧型手機；腦波；心率變異；皮膚電位；心理健康

並列摘要

English abstracts Background: Smart phones are widespread devices in Taiwan. The popularity of internet surfing reached 80.3% (1.883 million persons), and the time spent on internet surfing through mobile devices reached 197 minutes, which ranked number one in the world. Carrying smartphones outdoors has become a habit, which shows the extent of reliability for smart phones. The top activities when using the internet are surfing on social networks, using instant messaging (IM) applications, and browsing through websites and more. According to previous researches related to smart phones, the more the user rely on smart phones, the more the user gets anxious, suffers from insomnia, gets tired easily, and furthermore leads to depression symptoms. Therefore, the relation between the habit of using smart phones and mental health is worth the attention. In the past, no matter national or international researches, all shows that electroencephalograph (EEG), heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) analyzer can clearly analyze or treat anxious, pressure and improve sleep quality. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between March 14 and May 26 in 2017 among a convenient sample. This study used physiological indicators (electroencephalograph, heart rate variability, skin conductance, Smartphone Addiction Inventory, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale- Chinese version, and Brief Symptom Rating Scale) measure the mental health of subjects. Results: One hundred adults (58 female and 42 male) were recruited. Monitoring the changes in the physiological indicators of the subject (electroencephalograph, heart rate variability, and skin conductance) before and after receiving the smartphone signal. Analyze the EEG of the subject receiving smartphone signals by pair-t that we found the minimum of the θ wave (t=6.352, p<.001), the minimum of α wave (t=4.779, p<.001), the maximum of α wave (t=-4.047, p<.001), the range of α wave (t=-4.388, p<.001), and the minimum of β wave (t=6.029, p<.001), were significantly different. Found in HRV, SDNN (t=6.636, p<.001), the maximum of LF (t=2.706, p=.008), were significantly different. Found in the SC, the minimum of SC (t=5.613, p<.001), the maximum of SC (t=5.227, p<.001) and the average of SC (t=5.470, p<.001) were significantly different. Analysis by stepwise linear regression, we can find out the minimum of β wave increases with the increase of social anxiety. The lower the level of anxiety, the SDNN will be higher. The response of the skin conductance to stimulation increases as age increases. Conclusion: This study found that the minimum value of β-wave in the EEG increased with the increase of social anxiety, and the results suggest that delta and beta waves can measure social anxiety. While the Zung's Self—Rating Anxiety Scale rises, SDNN_d of HRV will drop. In addition, the Zung's Self—Rating Anxiety Scale rises, the HF_d gap will decrease. A higher level of anxiety, SDNN will be lower. The higher SDNN can improve the individual's Autonomic nerve operation. Another result found that as the age increases, the minimum, maximum and mean of skin conductance will decrease after stimulation. Older skin potentials are lower than younger ones. The skin is thinner with age, so that the skin's water content is reduced. Surfing on the internet, entertainment and social interacting through smart phones have become an indispensable part of daily life in Taiwan. In aspect of disease prevention, seeking the possible relative risk that impacts the habit of using smart phones and mental health is placed priority to be done to precisely provide mental health related health care knowledge to the public.