方文山愛情歌詞的認知隱喻研究

流行音樂的歌詞既能反映社會思想、現象，更能映射當代的價值觀，而方文山所撰寫的歌詞作品不但廣受人知，具有一定的影響地位；作品更甚至於出現在國語文考題中，可見必然有其研究價值。就目前搜索到針對方文山的相關文獻皆以討論修辭學為主，若將其視為語言的表層，那麼方文山其語言底層的運作機制為何呢？故本文以雷可夫（GEORGE LAKOFF）與詹森（MARK JOHNSON）（1980）的概念隱喻（CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR）理論作為基礎，從認知語言角度出發，試著探討語言底層的隱喻運作機制。藉由語料庫分析法歸納其最高比例的「愛情」主題之隱喻比例，分析來源域（SOURCE DOMAIN）與目標域（TARGET DOMAIN）之間的映射情形；接著再更進一步與五月天做比較，統整出方文山的「方」式語言風格與特色。　　方文山擅長透過隱喻手法使歌詞深植於人心，以此獲得聽者的廣大共鳴，其中撰寫的主題又以「愛情」的比例為最高，且使用投射至「愛情」隱喻的來源域共有17類，前三名分別為「物品」、「自然」及「食物」。接著透過方文山為周杰倫與其他歌手撰寫的歌詞比較，更進一步地發現方文山會依據作曲者的不同而改變其隱喻技巧；再經由與五月天的比較，發現方文山有5類別具風格的隱喻運用，位居前三名的分別為「信仰」、「交易」及「動物」。方文山也善用當代的網路用語與諧音，使歌詞呈現當下的流行文化及背景，呈現濃厚且獨特的方文山寫作風格。

關鍵字

認知隱喻；流行音樂；方文山

並列摘要

Lyrics of popular music reflect the thinking, phenomena, and values of the contemporary society. The works of Wen-Shan Fang, a lyric writer in Taiwan, merit further research because they are well known and influential and have even appeared in Chinese language tests. Studies on Fang’s works have mostly focused on their rhetoric, which is considered the top layer of his language. However, no studies have explored the underlying operating mechanism of the language. On the basis of the theory of conceptual metaphor by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, this study explored this underlying mechanism from the perspective of cognitive language. A corpus analysis was conducted on love-based metaphors; specifically, the reflection between source domains and target domains was examined. Fang’s works were then compared with the works by the Taiwanese band Mayday to generalize his language style and characteristics. 　　The results indicated that Fang specialized in using metaphors to create lyrics that leave a deep impression in listeners, thereby creating a broad resonance with them. Love is the most frequently used theme in his works. This study identified 17 source domains used by Fang to reflect on love metaphors, the most prominent of which being objects, nature, and food. A comparison of the lyrics Fang wrote for singers such as Jay Chou further revealed that his metaphorical techniques differed with each composer. A comparison between the works of Fang and Mayday revealed that Fang employed 5 metaphor styles, of which the most prominent 3 were faith, trade, and animals. Fang also excelled at using trendy words and homophones on the Internet to reflect the currently popular culture and backgrounds, demonstrating a profound and unique lyric writing style.