從語料庫探討華語程度副詞「太」的教學語法

華語語詞「太」屬於高頻率使用的程度副詞，前人已經有許多豐碩的研究成果，但是較少以語料庫分析為主題，因此本文以語料庫語言學的研究為本，先歸納前人的研究和語料分析的結果，將副詞「太」分為兩類語義和五類句式結構進行討論。兩類語義為1.高程度、2.過甚、過分；五類句式結構則為句式A：「太+A/VP+(語助詞)」、句式B：「否定詞+太+A/VP」、句式C：「太+否定詞+A/VP(了)」、句式D副詞連用、句式E搭配名詞或成語。本研究也探討英語為母語的學習者出現的偏誤和形成偏誤的原因，接著檢視兩套華語教材《當代中文課程》和《實用視聽華語》中副詞「太」使用的情況，發現教材對於副詞「太」的語義和句式結構較少做說明，因此推測學習者可能對語義或句式結構不熟悉，而出現偏誤句式。最後，綜合上述的分析與討論，提出副詞「太」的教學排序和教案，希望本研究結果及教學建議能提供教學者參考，讓學習者能正確使用副詞「太」。

關鍵字

程度副詞；語料庫；教學建議；教學排序；教案

並列摘要

Tài is a high-frequency degree adverb in Chinese. While there has been a wealth of research on the adverb tài, but less attention has been paid to corpus study. This study adopts a corpus-based approach. Firstly, based on the result of corpus analysis and predecessors’ studies, the adverb tài has two functions, “high degree” and “excessively,” and five sentence patterns, tài +A/VP+ (particles), negative + tài +A/VP, tài + negative +A/VP, continuative forms of adverbs, and collocates nouns or idioms. Secondly, this study investigates how Chinese as a Second Language learners use the degree adverb tài and analyze their errors. This study also examines the functions and usages of the adverb tai in two of the Chinese textbooks used in Taiwan. It can be seen that the textbooks are lacking in the explanation of the adverb tài and its sentence patterns, which may lead to student mistakes. Finally, following the result of the above analysis and discussions, this study offers pedagogical sequences and teaching plans. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the research of the degree adverb tài and that Chinese teachers would able to make teaching strategies for their students.