- 學位論文
荷蘭東印度公司的臺灣補給研究
The Study on the VOC’s Supply Management in Taiwan
摘要
荷蘭人於16世紀末期首次從歐洲抵達亞洲，做為荷蘭人發展亞洲貿易的核心力量，荷蘭東印度公司成立於1602年，並致力於貿易與殖民的擴張；與臺灣這塊土地至為相關的歷史，則是因荷蘭東印度公司曾於1624至1662年間占領臺灣，做為其商館與殖民政府所在。然而，當時臺灣的地理與政治形勢十分特殊，為一個孤懸海外之島嶼，亦不屬於任何政權的統治之下；荷蘭東印度公司以臺灣做為東亞轉口貿易的發展基地，上述的地理與政治形勢讓公司在統治這塊殖民地上的補給問題形成一個非常值得深入探討的議題。因此，本文試圖探討幾個關鍵問題：公司如何規劃對大員的補給問題？公司的實際做法為何？公司又如何解決島內除大員以外的據點補給與分配問題？ 過往的研究較少細論此處，多半認為荷蘭人在臺灣通常就近依賴中國海商在貿易下輸運到大員的物資生存；本文的觀點則從荷蘭人發展大員殖民地的軌跡談起，試圖釐清上述問題，並從三個補給取得的基本原則切入，即生產、船運與貿易，分析在大員的荷蘭人以何者為重，並試圖對公司應對大員補給問題的做法歸納出一有脈絡可循的模式。 本文的研究認為，公司在大員僅能說是有限度的依靠中國商人或住民取得物資，主要仍是依賴公司自己的船運系統為大員輸送各類補給品；然而貿易與生產等方式在公司的補給系統運作中仍占有一定程度之重要性，即讓補給物資的取得管道更為多元、彈性，且能夠有效的補充船運所難以解決之問題。 至於分佈在臺灣各地其他荷蘭據點的補給問題，筆者則嘗試以船運整合貿易的觀點進行分析，並將之統整為一合理、可行的運作規律。基本上各地據點間的補給問題雖然相當重要，但仍然必須服膺於公司管理大員的基本原則考量：即成本考量與轉口貿易優先。
並列摘要
The Dutch arrived in Asia from Europe in the late 16th century. As the main force for the Dutch to develop Asian trade, the Verenigde Oost Indische Compagnie（VOC）, founded in 1602, was committed to engaging in trade and colonization. It is related to the land of Taiwan (Formosa) where the VOC occupied from 1624 to 1662 to form its commercial and colonial government. Geographical and political situations in Taiwan at that time were very particular. It was an isolated island and did not belong to any regime. The VOC used Taiwan as an entrepôt to explore the East Asian trade, and the company had to resolve the local particularities to sustain and further to expand the colony, which is a research topic worthy of further discussion. Therefore, this thesis attempts to raise several key questions: How did the company feed its members? What was the company's actual practice for this purpose? How did the company solve the problems of supply and distribution in the main area of Tayouan together with other remote and small posts on the island? Previous studies were in less detailed on the issue of the VOC’s supply management. The usual explanation is that the Dutch people in Taiwan relied on the Chinese maritime trade to provide a lifeline for their survival. From the perspective of the Dutch considerations, the author tries to clarify the VOC’s involvement in supply practice, namely production, shipping, and trade to show the company’s patterns of supply management. The author argues that the company only relied on Chinese merchants or residents to obtain materials in a limited way, the company had its shipping system to transport all kinds of supplies for its maintenance on the island. Trade and production played certain important roles in the constant replenishment of diverse goods and made supply management flexible and effective, especially when the shipping system could not run well in time. As for local replenishment, the author shows the company managed to build up an applicable, integrated, and regular shipping operation. However, it had to follow the cardinal principles of the company's management: cost considerations and business priorities in the entrepôt trade.