萬隆製造：迫遷下的都市運動與另類政治

本研究探討印尼萬隆反迫遷脈絡下的都市運動，以及多元型態的社會理念與實踐方式。萬隆，印尼西爪哇省的首府，也是萬隆市政府近年推動「創意城市」治理的模範城市，在近年大規模貧民窟升級計畫中，轉變為反迫遷運動與藝術行動主義的活躍場景。本文從後殖民城市、新自由主義都市治理性，以及印尼的「後改革時期」（post-reformasi）民主運動的脈絡，透過田野案例去檢視這些圍繞迫遷與居住權而生的非正式社會行動，或行動者稱之為建造「另類政治」的過程。本論文於2019年萬隆市進行兩個田野案例的研究，分別是「美麗花園11鄰」（Tamansari RW 11）的都市村落（kampung kota）反迫遷運動，以及專門安置都更居民的「蘭七里國營租屋公寓」（Rancacili）的劇場展演行動。主要的行動者為當地的青年世代與底層居民，在美麗花園，迫遷後的廢墟轉變為居民與萬隆青年重組的「團結村」，也是公共議題與社會運動的實驗基地；蘭七里居民的後迫遷故事，透過劇場行動轉化為創作素材，在城市不同角落展演。本研究分析行動者如何透過在地都市權（right to the city）的參與實作、共同動手實踐都市共有體（urban commons），孕育出新的社群關係、都市異議空間，以及實驗性的政治想像與展演行動，我將之視為以另類方式改寫與再建構民主生活的過程。

關鍵字

萬隆；迫遷；都市運動；民主；另類政治

並列摘要

This thesis depicts the process of urban grassroots movements by means of art and social practices under the context of eviction, which takes place in Bandung, the capital city of West Java in Indonesia. In the neoliberal regime of "creative city", the urban slum revitalization projects implemented by the Bandung city government have urged the urban youth and marginal residents to work together to reclaim "right to the city" by constructing urban commons in artistic, cultural and sociality forms. This research aims at providing an in-depth perspective of urban-based grassroots activism and the local dynamic of democratic mobilizations in today's post-Reformasi Indonesia. The ethnographic research was conducted in Bandung during 2019 for six months, using the participant-observation method and in-depth interviews with more than 20 key informants. Here I study and discuss two cases: a urban village（kampung kota）called Tamansari, whose residents have been confronted with forced-eviction since 2017, the ruined village has been rebuilt collectively into a community of solidarity and an alternative public space for diverse social issues. Meanwhile, a public rental housing complex called Rancacili, which was assigned to shelter evicted-residents, a performing art group has turned the post-eviction experiences of residents into a socially-engaged art project. The thesis explores how Bandung citizens demanding their rights by reclaiming “public/community spaces” (both physical or social), remaking political identities of the youth generation, and inventing new social narratives such as "alternative politics" to be discussed from daily-life to street mobilizations. I argue that democracy in Indonesia is continuously being experienced, challenged and performed through the endless “proses” (process) after more than 20 years of transition to democracy.