- 學位論文
論康德的道德動機轉變對道德教育之啟示
Kant’s Transfer of Moral Motivation and its Implication on Moral Education
摘要
人們在道德判斷上看法分歧，從道德動機的觸發中就存在不同說法。漸形成理性與情感被認為是主要的源頭。在此爭論之中，道德教育所的方式也就跟住改變。當今道德教育中以理性和情感為基礎的兩極化現象，實在有待釐清。而康德在道德動機的立場從原先以道德情感為基礎轉變到實踐理性的過程，則是相當值得探討，也是本論文的主題。本研究採文件分析方法，從康德的原著中找出他對道德動機的立場之轉變過程，及其考量的重點。 本研究的目的與發現：（一）探討理性和情感兩者做為道德動機基礎時的論點以及差異。研究發現理性動機的論點著重在道德認知；情感動機則是同理心、關懷等情緒要素。（二）探究康德的道德動機論點在情感與理性上的轉變歷程。研究發現康德在道德動機上轉向的原因在於他發現以形而下的情感作為基礎並不穩固，轉而從自然律的概念推論出具有普遍性的道德律。而這必須建立在實踐理性的基礎上。（三）康德在道德動機的轉變對現今道德教育之啟示。研究認為當前道德教育多屬情感觸發或教條灌輸的方式，而康德所主張的問答教授法及對話方法是為了引發學生自主思考及自我的實踐理性，這是訴諸實踐理性的教學法。康德的方法有別於制約或灌輸式的道德教育。
並列摘要
There are different theories on moral moral motivation. Reason and moral feeling are the main origins. The educational scene of moral education changes by following thses different theories. The polarization of moral education needs by clarification. Therefore, the transfer of moral motivation from moral feeling to practical reason in Immanuel Kant’s theory becomes the focus of this thesis. Based on Kant’s works, the study uses documentary research to find out the main reasons why he transfers the origin of moral motivation from moral feeling to practical reason. There are three research purposes and findings: (1) Explore the reasons behind the arguments defending reason and moral feeling as moral motivation. Research findings show that those based on reason focus on moral cognition, and those based on moral feeling focuse on empathy, caring etc. (2) Explore the transfere of moral motivation from moral feeling to practical reason Kant’s theory. Research finding shows that the cause of Kant’s changing position is that he found moral feeling is not a stable basis for moral action. In imitation of natural law, he has the moral law constructed by practical reason. (3) To find out the implications of Kant’s theory in moral education. Research finding shows that Kant’s methods (erotematische method and catechetical method) in moral education will induce the independent thinking and the practical reason of student. However, these methods resort to practical reason. Kant’s methods are different form conditioning of indoctrination in moral education.