優秀桌球選手在單一動作與攻守轉換時肌肉活化程度之差異

目的：桌球運動動作細膩且需要高專注力，比賽過程中肌肉活化情形是相當重要的資訊，本研究針對優秀選手在攻守轉換的過程中，探討上肢肌肉為了應對不同的球路，肌肉間的活化變化。方法：本研究招募7位桌球資歷達十年以上之甲組選手，以無線肌電測量儀、高速攝影機，同步拍攝選手反手推擋、反手搓球、正手拉下旋球各5球與攻守轉換擊球過程(搓球、搓球、拉下旋球、推擋、推擋)重複5次，記錄伸腕肌、屈腕肌、肱二頭肌、肱三頭肌與前三角肌活化變化。結果：推擋動作中屈腕肌活化程度在單一推擋動作與攻守轉換第二次推擋顯著高於攻守轉換第一次推擋動作。搓球動作中肱二頭肌活化程度在攻守轉換中的兩次搓球皆顯著大於單一搓球動作。正手拉下旋球動作中五條肌肉活化程度在單一擊球動作中皆顯著大於攻守轉換時的肌肉活化程度。結論: 優秀選手部分上肢肌群在進行單一動作擊球與比賽時攻守轉換間的肌肉活化程度有顯著差異存在，尤其在進攻動作方面，五條肌肉在單一動作擊球肌肉活化程度皆大於攻守轉換擊球時，因此建議選手在訓練時盡量以比賽模式進行，以適應選手比賽時肌肉活化程度。關鍵詞：上肢肌肉、反手推擋、反手搓球、正手拉下旋球、攻守轉換

關鍵字

上肢肌肉；反手推擋；反手搓球；正手拉下旋球；攻守轉換

並列摘要

Objective: Fine movement and high concentration from player are crucial for table tennis sport, so the associated muscle activations during match are important information. In the thesis, we study the upper limb muscle activations of excellent table tennis players how to accommodate different actions during offense-defense transitions. Methods: Seven class-A players with at least ten years experiences are invited to attend this experiment. The wireless EMG and high-speed camera are simultaneously used, and EMG of 5 muscles (extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi radialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and deltoid) measured from three single actions (backhand block, backhand push, and forehand down-drive) and one sequential action (push, push, down-drive, block, block), all repeated 5 times per player. Results: Activations of flexor carpi radialis muscle resulted from both of the single block action and the second block of the sequential action are higher than that from the first block of the sequential action. Activations of biceps brachii muscle from both of two pushes of the sequential action are higher than that from the single push action. Activations of all muscles from the single down-drive action are all higher than that from the down-drive of the sequential action. Conclusion: For muscle activations of the upper limb of top players, there exists significant difference between the single action and the sequential offense-defense transitions actions from the study. Especially, activations of all five muscles measured from the single down-drive action are all higher than that from the down-drive of the sequential action. Therefore, the suggestion for players is to practice under match mode with sequential offense-defense transitions rather than the single repeated action, so they can get more used to the muscle activations under the match. Keyword: Upper Limb Muscle, Backhand Block, Backhand Push, Forehand Down Drive, Offense-Defense Transition.