- 學位論文
消失的多樣性：台灣淡水魚類的瀕危與滅絕
The loss of diversity: Endangered and extinct freshwater fishes in Taiwan
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摘要
台灣的淡水魚類是具有高度多樣性的生物類群，但河川整治與開發導致棲地消失，濫用農藥、外來種入侵、氣候變遷等造成族群減少，在69種純淡水魚類當中，已有3種滅絕於台灣島上，並有18種處於瀕危狀態。確認滅絕狀態是評估多樣性損失的基礎，本研究確認台灣特有種銳頭銀魚(Salanx acuticeps Regan, 1908)最後採集時間為1960年，建議其物種狀態為滅絕，並根據歷史資料推論銳頭銀魚應是受到棲地環境改變與外來種入侵而消失。 政府對於保育行動的支持與執行有限，進行保育行動時並無制定長期而全面的計畫，反觀近年各地民間團體開始投入淡水魚類的棲地與族群數量調查，對於野外環境的監測提供了大量資訊，並有民間單位進行淡水魚類保種，成為淡水魚保育的新主力。本研究以採訪方式整合專家學者、保育團體與保種機構的意見，總結出台灣特有種台灣白魚(Aphyocypris moltrechti Regan, 1908）族群、棲地、保育與保種工作的過去與現況。台灣白魚過去10年的族群遞減比例為87.4%，目前總族群數量僅剩約3000尾，根據本研究評估結果，建議列為極度瀕危物種，未來瀕危原因若沒有終止，很可能成為下一個滅絕的台灣淡水魚類。 溪流細鯽(Aphyocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011)是基於保育動機從台灣白魚濁水溪族群獨立出來的新種純淡水魚類，目前仍有分類爭議。本研究陳列對於溪流細鯽有效性的正反論述，並記錄溪流細鯽的族群與棲地動態。由於人為捕撈，加上棲地萎縮速度極快，溪流細鯽從2006年至今已消失約95%的族群，顯示獨立為新種對於保育工作並未有顯著的效果。但基於保育立場，無論溪流細鯽的分類地位為何，都應採取立即的保育行動。
並列摘要
Freshwater fish in Taiwan has high biodiversity, however, has been imperiled due to hydraulic engineering, development of water source, pollution, and abuse of pesticide and introduced species and global climate change. Three taxa have been presumed extinct and 18 are endangered among 69 native freshwater fish in Taiwan. We confirm 1960 is the last recorded year of observation of the endemic species, Salanx acuticeps Regan, 1908, and suggest the conservation status to be extinct accordingly. Long-term conservation strategy is seldom implemented by the government due to limited resource and attention, while many conservation societies dedicate to monitor population and investigate habitat of freshwater fish. The work of this paper concludes the past and current situation of Aphyocypris moltrechti Regan, 1908 including its population, habitat, and conservation actions. The population of A. moltrechti has declined 87% since the past 10 years and now the population size is estimated to be 3,000. According to evaluation by IUCN Red List Categories, we suggest that the conservation status of A. moltrechti be regarded as Critically Endangered (CR), which might be the next extinct freshwater fish in Taiwan if the factors cause population decline will not be ceased. Aphyocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011 is described as a new species from the Choshui population of A. moltrechti based on the motivation of conservation, while its validity is challenged in some aspects. We report the pros and cons about the taxonomy of A. amnis from experts. Due to overfishing and fragmentation of habitat, the population of A. amnis has shrunk by 95% since 2006, which shows no significant benefit to describe an endangered population as a new species. In the aspect of conservation, we suggest that A. amnis be protected whether its taxonomy is a species or a population, and taking action to conserve it is essential immediately.
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