客製化製造物料清單建置方法之比較－以小型輸送帶工廠為例

中小企業導入企業資源規劃系統時會遇到許多問題，最主要的問題是企業基礎資料是否完整，其中企業資源規劃系統中物料清單是重要的基礎數據，貫穿整個系統的銷售、製造、採購、財務等流程，且現今製造業由大量生產轉變成客製化的生產方式，企業以訂單式生產進行產品配置，因此本研究以客製化產品的物料清單及製造物料清單的建置方法進行探討和比較。　　在處理客製化產品時，由於產品的少量多樣，若是處理不當會導致建置產品物料清單和製造物料清單上產生眾多問題，造成管理的困擾。本研究採用物料清單模塊化的方式，降低客製化產品物料的複雜度，因而解決資料冗餘以及物料清單不斷膨脹的問題。透過物料清單和製造流程清單的相互配合，使公司建立製造物料清單時有固定方法和標準，減少建立製造物料清單的人工耗時和錯誤率。使用者可以依循本研究所開發的配置物料清單和製造物料清單流程，正確配置客製化產品的資料。最後以案例比較方式來驗證本研究物料清單和製造物料清單建置方法的效益。

關鍵字

企業資源規劃；客製化產品；模塊化物料清單；製造物料清單

並列摘要

For any industry, business information completeness is the key point that company should have to deal with in implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Bill of Martials (BOM) for products is the basic information which run through the entire ERP system such as sales, manufacture, purchase, and finance processes. Manufacturing industry has changed from mass production to customized production, and enterprises need to effectively construct BOM based on customer order for customized production. Many problems came across to small and medium-size enterprises, because products changed frequently and this situation makes BOM constructions much more complex. Therefore, this study discusses and compares the construction methods of BOM and manufacturing of BOM (M-BOM) for customized products. 　　Due to the customized production tends to have the characteristic of small batch with various production processes, it would increase BOM complexity and generate redundant data. This study proposed the modularization method to manage and construct BOMs to solve those problems. This study also integrated BOM with manufacturing operation list to construct M-BOMs, in such a way, it would simplify the production information and set the guidelines and standards for constructing customized products. The procedures of constructing BOM and M-BOM with the proposed methods were designed for customized products. Based on the case study, the results showed that the proposed method reduced the BOM complexity and cut off BOM numbers than another method. It also showed that it would reduce the construction time and error rates in building up both BOMs for the case company.