台灣淡水及韓國仁川外國人居留地比較研究（1858～1913）

居留地制度初始於1842年「南京條約」簽訂後，而後19世紀亞洲各地（如中國、日本、台灣、韓國）的通商港口陸續出現居留地制度。韓國方面1876年和日本之間簽訂的「朝、日修好條約」，追使保守主義的韓國開放門戶，並接受日本人帶來居留地制度。1883年韓國仁川港口開放，而且其間可劃分三種居留地型態（如日本專管居留地、清國專管居留地、外國人共同居留地），雖在韓國包含有清國及其他外國人共同居留地區域，可是清、日戰爭清國戰敗後，在韓國純粹因貿易目的而設置的「清國專管居留地」、「外國人共同居留地」並無實際作用，而真發揮居留地區域功能的只有「日本專管居留地」。受自治法權保護的權益下，日本人開始擴充居留地範圍延續至到1910年日本統治。日治後日本人体認到整理居留地區域有其必要性，於是1913年廢止居留地區域，這與當初日本人在韓國設置居留地的做法有很大的矛盾，但居留地制度在韓國的出現，加上日本人引進的西洋建築的概念，此外來文化及建築樣式不但帶來了港口的發展，同時對都市成長有所影響。台灣的通商港口則開始於為17世紀荷蘭、西班牙人的侵占，1858年簽訂「天津條約」，並於1860至1863間台灣陸續開放四個港口淡水、基隆、打狗、安平。淡水開埠後英國領事抵台建造英國領事館，之後淡水逐漸成為主要貿易港及茶葉發展地。在貿易繁榮的加速下，海岸附近設置洋行之商業建築則影響到陽台建築。1895年簽訂「馬關條約」後，使台灣成為日本擁有的第一個海外殖民地，日治前淡水「外國人居留地」的劃分非常不明確，嚴格說是屬於雜居地的性質，可是日統領後在確立區分認知的劃定下，1896年依民臨公告制定雜居地區域。洋人到來出現的陽台建築風格及台灣本土和洋風建築風格同為現今近代建築發展上重要的產物。當初在兩國開通商港口，設置居留地有不同的歷史背景，台灣（1895～1945）韓國（1910～1945）不同時段的日治時期，因不同氣候及風俗習慣造成台、韓兩國之間的居留地區域產生其各具特色的建築樣式，並持續影響近代的建築發展型態。關鍵字：日治時期、日本專管居留地、清國專管居留地、外國人共同居留地、居留地

關鍵字

清國專管居留地；外國人共同居留地；日本專管居留地；日治時期

並列摘要

The Research on a Comparison of foreign Settlemen Taiwan tansui and Korea Inchon（1858～1913） Summited to the Graduate School of Architecture, Chung Yuan Christian University,Taiwan July2002 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture By Sung Mi Hyang Abstract Ever since the 1842 Anglo-Chinese Treaty of Nanking, foreigner settlements has spread across the Asian port cities (i.e. China, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea) throughout the nineteenth century. For Korea, the signing of the Korea-Japan Friendship Treaty in 1876 led the way to the opening of Korean ports, and further allowed the Japanese to establish a settlement on the Korean peninsula. In 1883, Korea opened up Incheon harbor, which became split by a Japanese settlement, a Ching (Chinese) settlement, and another “other foreigner” category. The two latter settlements, established solely for economic purposes, would serve little real purpose after the Chinese defeat in the Sino-Japanese war. Hence, the Japanese settlement can be considered as the only real one. Under the protection of the “self-rule” policies of their foreign settlement, the Japanese continually expanded their Korean presence up to 1910, when Korea came under Japanese annexation. The Japanese felt a need to organize the settlement areas, and in 1913 terminated the settlements. This seemed to be in direct contrast to the prior inception of the Japanese settlement in Korea, but the creation of settlements, in addition to the western architectural ideas diffused through the Japanese brought great advances to the harbor, as well as great influences to the growth of the city. Taiwan’s ports of trading, on the other hand, started with the Dutch/Spanish invasions of the 18th century, the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858, and the opening of Tamsui, Keelung, Tago, and Anping harbors between 1860 and 1863. After the opening of the Tamsui harbor, the British consulate arrived and set up the British consulate, and henceforth Tamsui rose to become a main port harbor as well as a tea growing area. With a booming commerce, the architecture of the shops and businesses surrounding the harbor started to influence Taiwanese building. After the signing of the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki, Taiwan became a Japanese colony. Although it can be techinically thought of as dispersed, prior to the annexation, the foreign settlements of Tamsui were not clearly drawn out. This was to change in 1896, as the Japanese drew out the division of settlements in the area. The balconies structures, which style was brought about by the arrival of the westerners, in addition to traditional and western architectural style can be considered as two important additions to the development of modern architecture. Taiwan and Korea opened its commercial ports under different backgrounds and circumstances. Although Taiwan (1895-1945) and Korea (1910～1945) both came under Japanese annexation, the slightly different time periods, in addition to the different weather patterns and cultural customs, resulted in fairly different architectural designs between the two countries, and continues to influence modern day architectural design. Key Words：Japanese settlement，Ching (Chinese) settlement，other foreigne settlement ，settlement