金門舊聚落巷道空間之研究－以傳統瓊林巷道空間為中心

本研究是以金門國家公園管理處所管轄之傳統瓊林聚落的巷道空間為主要對象。在管理處所轄管的區域，傳統聚落保存在修護方面呈現出相當好的成果，古厝再利用成為民宿等。巷道空間與建築物需要一併思考，巷道自然形成寬度，斜坡面，雖說新石材新鋪設地面，仍保存原有聚落自然多樣性原貌，具歷史巷道空間特性，微妙平衡，地面高低差，原味聚落文化遺產，論述內容為傳統瓊林聚落巷道之歷史變遷，聚落巷道特性保存。金門傳統聚落大多以宗祠為核心而發展成村落，經過許多世代的變遷、軍管與戰事，對於聚落中巷道彼此間之關係、深一層的巷道空間的結構與族群社會結構間之關係，難有可以全面性與完整的呈現。本研究以訪談、觀察和測繪等田野調查的研究方法，深層瞭解傳統聚落巷道空間型態的構成法則以及其文化意涵，探討聚落巷道空間與整體氏族社會、環境與文化之間的關係。金門傳統聚落的發展的最初是氏族關係，歷史上有由中原逃難來到金門者，由姓氏聚居的村落，最早可以溯源到宋朝。氏族聚落而居是金門聚落所形成的最重要基本因子，成為氏族的生活中心。傳統氏族聚落形成生活圈彼此之間是相當而且很密切，巷道空間發展是很特殊。本研究是要發掘傳統聚落巷道之間的特殊關係，探討分析瓊林聚落巷道的形成發展過程，彙編記載，提供未來聚落修復的佐證參考史料，更能深度的解讀金門傳統聚落文化的意涵。

關鍵字

金門；傳統瓊林聚落；巷道空間

並列摘要

This research is based on the space of lanes and alleys in traditional Qionglin village that managed by Kinmen national park agency. It appears that the preservation and revitalization of traditional villages that locate in the area of Kinmen national park have done well, traditional houses become guest-house after revitalization. The space of lanes and alleys and the buildings should be considered at once. The width and slopes of lanes and alleys formed naturally, although mended and paved with new stone, it still has the original appearance entitled to nature diversity of traditional villages. The historical characteristics of the space of lanes and alleys, delicate balance, with a difference in elevation, original cultural heritage of villages. This dissertation is about the transition of lanes and alleys of Qionglin traditional village, and the preservation of its characteristics. Most of the traditional villages in Kinmen are developing and expanding around ancestral hall as its core. Because of multi-generation changes, military control and warfare, it is hard to describe the relationship between the space and structure of lanes and alleys and communities comprehensively. The study employed field research method by means of observation, interview, and field survey and mapping to collect data, for learning and comprehend the forming rule of the space and its cultural meaning, reviewing the relationship between the spaces, clan communities, environment and culture. Clan is the main cause of establishing of traditional village in the beginning. The earliest member of clan that flight from Central Plain to the Kinmen and live in a community, can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. Clan that live in a community is the most important factor in developing into a village in Kinmen, it is the central of everyday living. the relationship between the members of clan are very close, the developing of the space of lanes and alleys is very special. The purpose of this study is to uncover the specific relationship between the lanes and alleys in traditional village, to investigate and analyze the process of formation and development of Qionglin Village, through compilation and record, providing reference for traditional villages preservation in the future, for more deeper interpretation of traditional village culture.