郊區住宅烏托邦與家屋: 以花園新城為個案考察

「花園新城」乃是修澤蘭建築師設計的山坡地郊區社區住宅案，顧名思義為一座新開發的現代主義花園住宅，是臺灣第一座自行開發公共服務機能的社區。1960年代，臺灣面臨都市的快速擴張、居住環境品質下降以及人口大量增加的窘境，修澤蘭建築師揉合了「建築即是藝術」的建築觀點，作為設計與規劃養分，企圖以花園新城的開發為臺灣提出新的空間計畫，期許國家跟上世界的腳步，關注於人民的生活品質與居住環境。因此，社區規劃充滿烏托邦的居住想像與服務機能，具有相當前衛的思想，並遵循著「以人為本」的高度理念。本研究以新北市新店區花園新城作為研究對象，聚焦其建築師心目中理想社區的形式與實際落實過程進行梳理。其修澤蘭建築師與傅積寬先生兩人共同成立了「新城實業股份公司」，將主力放在花園新城規劃工作推動上，並開始相關的規劃工作，例如：選地、購地、規劃道路系統與各類型住宅等一系列工作。其社區規劃內容兼顧了居住與休閒娛樂，兩種不同的生活型態。另外，設計裡關注了職業婦女與兒童福利相關議題，透過設計回應與改善當時的社會生活模式，正是空間生產根本緣由。本研究藉文獻分析法、田野調查、個案研究與訪談梳理花園新城之空間生產，以及回到居住者使用的空間經驗角度下來理解，是如何以自身需求以及構築來詮釋自我對於家屋的想像與認同，其探究關於花園新城以建築師作為理想的投射，從無到有的整體規劃與開發歷程以及空間生產之過程，試圖釐清與辯證其空間意義與想像以及實踐之間的關係。應證了修澤蘭建築師不只扮演建築空間專業者與開發商角色，更是代替政府執行許多公共建設，進而帶動國家山坡地社區住宅，開展出一種人與土地的對話與居住公共性的想像，是懷抱著烏托邦的住宅夢想。

關鍵字

修澤蘭；花園新城；住居；烏托邦；構築；新城公司；山坡地社區

並列摘要

"Garden City" is a hillside suburban community housing project designed by architect Hsiu,Tse-lan. As the name suggests, it is a new development of modernist garden residence. It is the first community in Taiwan to develop its own public service functions. 1960s, Taiwan faced the dilemma of rapid urban expansion, deterioration of the quality of the living environment, and a massive increase in population. Hsiu,Tse-lan Architects combined the architectural perspective of "Architecture Is Art" as a nutrient for design and planning, and attempted to use the image of a new garden city. The development proposes a new space plan for Taiwan, hoping that the country will keep up with the pace of the world and focus on the people's quality of life and living environment. Therefore, the community planning is full of utopian living imagination and service functions, has quite avant-garde ideas, and follows the high concept of "people-oriented". This study takes Garden City, Xindian District, New Taipei City,as the research object, focusing on the form and actual implementation process of the ideal community in the minds of its architects. Hsiu,Tse-lan and Fu,Ji-kuan jointly established "New City Industrial Co, Ltd." to focus on planning of Garden City and began related planning work, such as land selection, land purchase, and the planning of road systems and various types of housing. Residential and a range of jobs. The community planning content has taken into account two different lifestyles: residential and recreational. In addition, the design paid attention to issues related to the welfare of working women and children, and responded to and improved the social life model at that time through design, which is the fundamental reason for production of the space. This study uses document analysis, fieldwork, case studies and interviews to sort out the space production in the Garden City, and returns to the perspective of the spatial experience used by the residents to understand how they interpret their own imagination and identity of their homes based on their own needs and construction. , which explores the overall planning and development process of the Garden City from scratch, as well as the process of spatial production, with architect as the ideal projection, trying to clarify and dialectically examine the relationship between its spatial meaning, imagination and practice. This proves that Architect Hsiu,Tse-lan not only play the role of architectural space professionals and developers, but also carry out many public construction projects on behalf of the government, thereby promoting the national hillside community housing and developing a dialogue between people and land and the publicity of living. Imagination is a utopian residential dream.