- 學位論文
隔熱紙透光率對駕駛心智負荷之影響
The Effect of the Transmittance of Thermal Insulation Paper on the Mental Workload of Driving
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摘要
本研究以駕駛模擬器為載臺，探討駕駛人於不同隔熱紙透光率之下，對於遭 遇突發事件其生理反應、心智負荷與駕駛時間之影響。研究結果提供駕駛人對於 自用小型車非反光隔熱紙選用參考，以期降低因隔熱紙透光率造成之事故風險。 實驗設計採用完全隨機區集設計(Randomized Complete Block Design, RCBD)， 自變項為外部光源與隔熱紙透光率，依變項為心跳速率、閃光融合閾值、心智負 荷量表與駕駛時間。受試者間因子外部光源日夜分為兩大區集，各區集受試者依 受試者內因子隔熱紙透光率進行重複量測。實驗因子組合為外部光源日夜 2 個水 準與隔熱紙透光率 3 個水準，分析方法以二因子變異數分析(Two-Way ANOVA) 作為工具。 實驗分析結果顯示，在模擬駕駛過程中遭遇突發事件情境下，隔熱紙透光率 對客觀生理信號心跳速率與主觀心智負荷評量確實有影響。在隔熱紙透光率 23% 測得之心跳速率，顯著大於隔熱紙透光率 45%與 70%測得之心跳速率，依此推論 透光率較低之隔熱紙，可能會使汽車駕駛人面對突發事件時，發生更加緊張的情 況；在隔熱紙透光率 23%評量之心智負荷，顯著大於透光率 45%評量之心智負 荷。依此推論透光率較低之隔熱紙，可能會使汽車駕駛人面對突發事件時，產生 較高的心智負荷。 本研究建議駕駛人於國內道路交通安全規則目前尚未對汽車玻璃黏貼隔熱 紙後之總和透光率提供建議參考值前，前擋風玻璃使用透光率高於 45%之隔熱 紙為佳。此結論與市售隔熱紙業者之建議「汽車前擋風玻璃隔熱紙透光率建議值 為 40%至 50％以上，對夜間行車視線有需求者以 70%為最佳」方向一致。 關鍵字：隔熱紙透光率、突發事件、生理信號、心智負荷
並列摘要
This study uses a driving simulator as a platform to explore the impact of drivers' physiological responses, mental workload and driving time on encountering emergencies under different light transmittances of thermal insulation paper. The research results provide drivers with a reference for selecting non-reflective insulation paper for small cars for their own use, hence reduce the risk of accidents caused by the light transmittance of the insulation paper. The experimental design adopts a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The independent variables are the external light source and the light transmittance of the thermal insulation paper, and the dependent variables are the heart rate, flash fusion threshold, mental workload scale and driving time. The inter-subject factor is external light source which divides into two major areas day and night, and the subjects in each area are repeatedly measured according to the within-subject factor thermal insulation paper transmittance. The experimental factor combination is two levels of external light source and three levels of light transmittance of thermal insulation paper. The analysis method uses two-way ANOVA as a tool. Experimental analysis results show that when encountering emergencies during simulated driving, the transmittance of thermal insulation paper does have an impact on the objective physiological signal heart rate and subjective mental workload evaluation. The heart rate measured when the light transmittance of the thermal insulation paper was 23% was significantly greater than the heart rate measured when the light transmittance of the thermal insulation paper was 45% and 70%. Based on this result, it indicated that thermal insulation paper with low light transmittance may make car drivers more nervous when facing emergencies. The mental workload using 23% of the light transmittance of the thermal insulation paper is significantly greater than the mental workload measured when the light transmittance is 45%. Based on this finding, it can be shown that thermal insulation paper with low light transmittance may cause higher mental workload on car drivers when facing emergencies. This study suggests that drivers should use thermal insulation paper with a light transmittance higher than 45% for the front windshield before our domestic road traffic safety regulations are established. This conclusion is consistent with the recommendation of commercial thermal insulation paper manufacturers that the recommended transmittance of automotive front windshield thermal insulation paper should be 40% to 50% or above, and 70% is the best direction for those who have a demand for nighttime driving visibility. Keywords: Thermal Insulation Paper Transmittance, Emergency Events, Physiological Signals, Mental Workload
參考文獻
英文文獻
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