- 學位論文
鳳梨葉植物纖維水力提取脫膠技術開發及製程廢棄物再利用
Development of the hydraulic extraction-degumming technology for pineapple leaf fibers and reuse of the process waste
摘要
鳳梨作為台灣重要的農作物之一，經採收過後會產生大量廢棄鳳梨葉，但根據文獻指出鳳梨葉纖維具有低密度、高抗張強度及良好的隔熱性能，因此鳳梨葉中可提取出纖維製成紡織品或複合材料，提取後剩餘的鳳梨葉殘渣則可應用於複合材料及固態衍生燃料等(RDF)，以上做法皆可大幅增加鳳梨產業廢剩資材的附加價值。 本實驗將鳳梨葉進行預處理後，再利用本研究新開發之水力脫膠取纖機提取鳳梨葉纖維，希望藉由更加環保之方式同時進行纖維提取及脫膠，且取纖後殘渣則可進一步與生物可分解塑料製成複合材料。 本研究將纖維乾燥後，測試其與不同方法提取出之鳳梨葉纖維機械性能與表面特性之差異，可以觀察到由本實驗方法提取出之纖維平均直徑僅4.7μm，由SEM之圖像可觀察到纖維更分散，表此方法可提取出品質更佳之纖維。而鳳梨葉殘渣複合材料透過調整PLA、PBS與PBAT比例，並利用回應曲面法可得最佳抗張強度15.48MPa及斷裂伸長率12.71%，最佳組成參數則是PLA比例60%、PBS比例15%、PBAT比例10%、鳳梨葉殘渣比例15%。本研究成功利用全新方法獲得高品質纖維，不僅解決廢棄物之問題也為提高鳳梨的附加價值。
並列摘要
As one of Taiwan's important agricultural crops, the harvesting of pineapples results in a large amount of discarded pineapple leaves. However, according to literature, pineapple leaf fibers have low density, high tensile strength, and good thermal insulation properties. Therefore, fibers extracted from pineapple leaves can be used to produce textiles or composite materials. The remaining pineapple leaf residues after fiber extraction can be applied in composite materials and solid-derived fuels (RDF), significantly increasing the added value of pineapple waste. In this experiment, pineapple leaves were first pretreated, and then fibers were extracted using a newly developed hydraulic fiber extraction and degumming machine. The goal was to use a more environmentally friendly method for simultaneous fiber extraction and degumming. The resulting waste can be further combined with biodegradable plastics to produce composite materials for applications. After drying the fibers, the study tested the mechanical properties and surface characteristics of pineapple leaf fibers extracted using different methods. It was observed that the average diameter of fibers extracted by the method developed in this experiment was 4.7 μm. SEM images showed that the fibers were more dispersed, indicating that this method can extract higher quality fibers. By adjusting the ratios of PLA, PBS, and PBAT, the tensile strength and elongation at break of pineapple leaf residue composites were optimized using the response surface methodology. The optimal tensile strength of 15.48 MPa and elongation at break of 12.71% were achieved with a composition of 60% PLA, 15% PBS, 10% PBAT, and 15% pineapple leaf residue. This study successfully utilized a new method to obtain high-quality fibers, not only solving the waste problem but also increasing the added value of pineapples.