療癒空間之設計策略—以藝術治療室為例

日前，世界衛生組織WHO於統計指出，由於COVID-19的出現，導致全球心理疾病患者增加，而心理健康問題會對一個人生活的各個方面產生不利影響。迄今為止，精神疾病的治療方式愈發多樣化，而病患期盼能從心理層面進行根治與改善，其中藝術治療(Art Therapy)屬當今心理治療趨勢之一，是一種結合創造性藝術表達和心理治療的助人專業，並成為病患的首要選擇之一。Gesler 提出治療景觀對於人們的身體、社會與情緒具有重要的影響力，以及醫學心理學所提出之空間與健康相互影響等論點，故本研究將藝術治療室之空間設計作為療癒手段，透過空間中的元素變化，結合室內設計空間操作，使空間具有療癒性功能，以配合治療行為，並為案主帶來正面效益。綜上所述，本研究提出兩項問題：（1）以空間設計觀點而論，影響療癒空間之空間設計元素為何？（2）以臨床經驗而論，療癒空間對於心理治療之影響力為何？經由上述問題，為滿足空間設計觀點以及臨床經驗觀點，本研究將分為案例分析以及專家訪談進行研究。空間設計觀點採用案例分析方法進行，以Sakallaris所提出之最佳療癒環境(optimal healing environment, OHE)為基礎，彙整各學者所提出之療癒環境論點，並挑選三組類型空間，包括醫療、心理與藝術，並利用三組治療架構和六項空間變數進行療癒空間成效分析，從而擬定療癒空間設計策略。而臨床經驗觀點則採用半結構式專家訪談進行，利用療癒空間問卷(共32份有效問卷)與深度訪談獲取受訪者之專業見解。根據研究結果顯示：（1）「不同性質空間所達之療癒成效各不同」，其中療癒成效由高至低分別為心理、醫療以及藝術空間，且參考心理空間與醫療空間之設計操作手法，能夠有效創建最佳內部療癒環境與最佳外部療癒環境。（2）「空間設計策略建議」，主要延續DuBose等人所提出之空間變數做為策略架構，且空間元素具有各自象徵意義，能夠促使設計者了解各元素對於個案的影響價值與連結性，以及透過感知順序將提供設計者預判使用者對於空間的接受度，最終結合療癒空間設計策略與專家訪談分析結果，編列藝術治療室之設計參考系統，促使設計師在有限的時間與成本中，創建高品質之藝術治療室。此外，研究之受測者及專家在問卷與訪談進行時，受限於專業背景不一與案例圖片觀看方式，因此後續研究建議以空間模擬方式進行，使用數位建模以及虛擬實境等方式，給予受測者們更直觀的感受，以及使用本研究之設計參考系統進行實際操作或模擬，從中分析所需補足之方向以及實用性。

關鍵字

設計方法；藝術治療；療癒空間；療癒色彩

並列摘要

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out that the emergence of COVID-19 has led to an increase in the number of people suffering from mental illnesses around the world. Mental health problems can have a negative impact on all aspects of a person's life. To date, the treatment of mental illness has become more diversified, with patients seeking psychological treatment and improvement. Art Therapy, a current trend in psychotherapy, combines creative artistic expression with psychological treatment and has become a primary choice for patients. Gesler suggested that therapeutic landscapes significantly influence people's physical, social, and emotional well-being, highlighting the mutual relationship between space and health in medical psychology. This study utilizes the spatial design of the art therapy room as a healing mechanism. By altering elements in the space and manipulating the room's design, the space acquires a therapeutic function that aligns with therapeutic behaviors, providing positive benefits to patients. The study raises two questions: (1) What spatial design elements influence the healing space from a spatial design perspective? (2) How do healing spaces impact psychotherapy based on clinical experience? In order to address both the spatial design perspective and the clinical experience perspective, this study is divided into case studies and interviews with experts. The spatial design perspective is based on the case study method, which focuses on the Optimal Healing Environment (OHE) proposed by Sakallaris and synthesizes the arguments of healing environments presented by various scholars. Three types of spaces are selected: medical, psychological, and art. Three therapeutic frameworks and six spatial variables are utilized to analyze the effectiveness of the space and to formulate a design strategy for the healing space of art therapy rooms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the three groups of therapeutic structures and six spatial variables is analyzed to develop a design strategy for the healing space of the art therapy room. The semi-structured expert interviews were used to obtain the professional opinions of the respondents through a questionnaire on healing spaces (32 valid questionnaires) and in-depth interviews. According to the results of the study: (1) Different spaces of varying natures achieve distinct healing effects. These effects are categorized as psychological, medical, and artistic spaces in descending order. The best internal and external healing environments can be effectively created by referencing the design practices of psychological and medical spaces. (2) Spatial Design Strategy Recommendations mainly build upon the spatial variables proposed by DuBose et al. as a strategic framework. The spatial elements carry symbolic meanings, prompting the designer to understand the value of each element's influence on the case and the connectivity. Through perceptual order, the designer can pre-judge the user's acceptance of the space. Ultimately, the design strategy of the therapeutic space is combined with the results of the experts' interviews and analysis. By integrating the design strategy of the healing space with the expert interviews' results, a reference system for designing art therapy rooms is compiled. This system enables designers to create high-quality art therapy rooms efficiently within limited time and cost. In addition, the respondents and experts in the study were constrained by their diverse professional backgrounds and their perspectives on the images of the cases in the questionnaires and interviews. Therefore, it is suggested that a follow-up study be carried out through spatial simulation using digital modeling and virtual reality to provide the respondents with a more intuitive experience. Additionally, utilizing the reference system from the study's design to execute the actual operation or simulation is recommended. This approach will enable us to analyze the necessary complementary tasks and the feasibility of the work.