- 學位論文
關鍵字顏色對非英語母語學生在時間壓力下同步線上學習影響之研究
Influence of Keywords Color on Time Pressure in Synchronous Online Learning for Non-Native English Students
摘要
因應全球受嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎(COVID-19)衝擊，授課環境從傳統面授轉變為同步、非同步及混合等線上多媒體教學。由於教學環境改變，授課者與受教者尚無法完全適應線上學習。以英語授課之同步線上學習為例，非英語母語學生受限語言不熟悉及緊湊之時間壓力下學習步調，進而影響學習成效。鑑此，善用適當的教材設計可輔助受教者在時間限制下獲取更多或關鍵的信息。畫線是普遍用以提升閱讀和學習效率手段之一，很多學生使用螢光筆在紙本上標記資訊來使得方便找到並記住單詞；然而，很少關注在線上學習中應用顏色標記。 為了瞭解每位非英語母語學生情況本研究共招募20位非英語母語大學生，透過眼球移動追蹤方式，觀察學生分別在具有時間壓力及無時間壓力下之線上屏幕演示學習情境。眼動儀實驗利用閱讀教材結合文本關鍵字顏色輔助(無色彩、紅色，藍色及綠色)，然後進行閱讀測驗。不同情境下受試者的閱讀測驗成績對應眼動參數(包含凝視次數、凝視時間、掃視次數、掃視時間和瞳孔直徑)利用變異數分析探討相互關係與差異。 實驗結果顯示，閱讀教材結合關鍵字顏色輔助可以有效幫助非英語母語學生提升閱讀理解與學習成效。其中，在無時間壓力情境下以紅色關鍵字具有顯著性；在有時間壓力情境下則以綠色關鍵字具有顯著性，綜上，本研究結果可提供未來同步線上教材設計參考。
並列摘要
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic has forced learning environments to shift from face-to-face to online methods, such as synchronous, asynchronous, and blended online learning. Due to changes of learning environments, instructors and students could not fully adapt to online learning. Especially taking synchronous online learning in English as an example, non-native English students have difficulty using unfamiliar language and need to follow the course in real-time, which will have a time pressure problem and affect learning effectiveness. The way to solve this problem is mainly through appropriate material design to assist students in extracting as much information as possible under a time restriction. Highlighting is one of the methods used to improve reading and learning efficiency. Most students used marking information on paper to find and remember the words easily; however, they seldom focus on applied highlighting in online learning. The current research recruited twenty non-native English university students through an eye tracking approach to know the effect of every non-native English student. The students were divided into two groups with and without time pressure and observed to demonstrate the learning situation on the online screen. The eye tracking experiment utilized reading materials with text keywords color assistance (no color, red, blue, and green). Afterward, conduct a post-test to analyze the interrelationship among the result of post-test scores and eye movement parameters (including the number of fixation, fixation duration, number of the saccade, saccade duration, and pupil diameter) in different situations using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The experimental results of this research indicated that reading materials with colored keywords could help non-native English students to improve reading comprehension and learning outcomes effectively. Among them, the red-colored keywords were significant in the context of no time pressure, and the green-colored keywords were substantial in the context of time pressure. The results and conclusions in this research can provide a reference for the material design of future synchronous online materials.