- 學位論文
台灣超臨界發電機組的發展概況
The Development of Supercritical Steam Turbine Generation Units in Taiwan
摘要
自20世紀50年代開始，以美國和德國為代表的工業發達國家，研究及發展超臨界和超超臨界機組。經過近30多年的研究、完善和發展，到20世紀80年代，超臨界、超超臨界發電技術逐步趨於成熟。隨著運行的可靠性及可用率不斷地提高，超臨界機組逐步成為國際上電力工業發達國家發展燃煤火力發電機組的主流方向。 進入20世紀90年代後，隨著國際社會對環境保護要求的日益嚴格和新材料的成功開發，發電效率更高、污染物排放量更少的超超臨界火力發電技術得到了迅速發展和成功應用，到20世紀90年代末期，超超臨界火力發電技術在國際上已成為成熟、先進及高效率的潔淨燃煤發電主流技術。根據世界上超臨界機組的發展經驗，機組效率的提高係源自於許多方面的因素所促成，例如：較低的鍋爐排煙溫度、高效率的主輔設備、煤的良好燃燒、較高的給水溫度、較低的冷凝器壓力、較低的系統損失及蒸汽的再熱級數等。據研究報告估計，僅由於提高蒸汽參數而提高的效率最多，為效率總提升量的50%左右。 台灣積極應用高效率、節能及環保的超臨界火力發電機組勢在必行，這也是當代發電設備技術發展的主要趨勢。經由林口新電廠的建置，瞭解台電公司優化台灣火力電廠的途徑與過程，超臨界機組既能提高機組熱效率又能改善環境汙染狀況，具有顯著的社會和經濟效益。超臨界、超超臨界甚至高超超臨界發電機組已是當今世界上燃煤發電機組的主流發展方向，政府應抓緊此趨勢，制定符合未來社會需求的能源政策。
並列摘要
Since the 1950s, researchers in the United States and Germany, the industrialized countries, began to develop the supercritical and ultra-supercritical units. After 30 years of research, development and improvement, to the 1980s, the supercritical and ultra supercritical power generation gradually became the mature technologies. With the rising of operational reliability and availability, supercritical units became the dominant direction of international development of coal-fired power plants. After the 1990s of the 20th century, along with the increasingly stringent requirements of environmental protection of international community and the successful development of new materials, the ultra-supercritical thermal power technology with higher efficiency and fewer emissions has been rapidly developed and successful applied. To the late 1990s, ultra-supercritical thermal power technology has become a mature, advanced, high-efficient and mainstream of clean coal power generation technology in the world. Based on the experience of development of supercritical technologies all over the world, the efficiency improvements of the unit may be derived from many factors, such as lower boiler exhaust gas temperature, high efficiency main and auxiliary equipment, good combustion of coal, the higher water temperature, the lower condenser pressure, lower system losses, the series of reheat steam and so on. According to the study, the maximum of increased efficiency is due to increased steam parameters. This factor offers 50% or so of the total efficiency improvement. Actively using high-efficient, energy-efficient, environmentally friendly supercritical thermal power generation units for Taiwan is imperative, and it is also an inevitable choice, which is the main contemporary trends of power equipment technology development. To understand how Taipower optimizes the thermal power plant in a most effective way by installation of the New Lin-Ko power plant, both to improve the thermal efficiency of the units and also to improve the environmental conditions, has significant social and economic benefits. Supercritical and ultra-supercritical and even high-ultra-supercritical generation units have become the superb mainstream of the development of the world's coal-fired generation units. Our government needs to be well aware of this trend for establishing an energy policy which meets the future requirements.