- 學位論文
工作記憶訓練對流體智力之影響：更新能力訓練之研究
The effects of working memory training on fluid intelligence: An updating training study
摘要
流體智力意指個體能抽象推理和解決新問題的能力，是學習的重要關鍵因素之一。然而，流體智力在成年時期初期開始，會和年齡呈現顯著負相關的影響。因此，研究者致力於尋找能提升流體智力表現的方法。有鑑於流體智力與工作記憶的高相關，部分研究者認為藉由工作記憶訓練能提升流體智力。回顧相關文獻發現，研究的結果在實徵證據上仍有很大的分歧。本研究藉此延續過去工作記憶訓練的研究脈絡深入探討。然而，工作記憶訓練需考量其背後的理論建構。由工作記憶架構下，其中執行功能之更新能力和流體智力的相關高且達顯著。本研究進而以更新能力進行訓練，以視覺搜尋作為主動控制組作業，探討其對工作記憶與流體智力的影響。此外，更加入分散式學習與集中式學習的概念，以不同的訓練分布探討其訓練效果，期許能發展出更好的訓練方式。研究分為三個階段，分別是前測、訓練階段及後測。前測及後測各進行1小時的測驗，訓練階段則須進行約3.75小時的訓練。研究結果發現，經更新訓練後，可使工作記憶表現有顯著的提升，但在流體智力的表現上則無顯著提升，因此，無法支持藉由更新能力訓練可使流體智力提升的相關論述。
並列摘要
Fluid intelligence is the ability to reason and solve problems involving new information. It is considered one of the most important factors in learning. However, there are significant negative correlations between age and fluid intelligence beginning in young adulthood. Therefore, researchers are working on finding ways to improve fluid intelligence. Given the high correlation between fluid intelligence and working memory, it has been proposed that working memory training can improve fluid intelligence. However, the findings regarding the impact of working memory training on fluid intelligence are mixed. Considering the important role of updating in executive function, this study used the updating task and visual search task (the active-control task) to trained the participants. In addition, spaced learning versus massed learning was manipulated as well. The results showed that the performance of working memory was improved after updating training. However, there was no significant improvement of fluid intelligence tests. Therefore, the results of this study do not support the argument that fluid intelligence can be improved by updating training.