- 學位論文
低成本四軸隱形牙套切割機設計
Design of a low-cost four-axis processing machine for invisible braces cutting
摘要
現今市場上隱形牙套矯正器的需求量逐漸增加，然而傳統的CNC加工方法不適用於隱形牙套的特徵，倘若引進國外五軸專用設備則會產生高昂成本，因此本研究認為需要開發一種成本低廉且符合台灣市場需求量的隱形牙套加工方法。經觀察發現，第五軸的角度多數情況下僅在加工臼齒末端或極為特殊的嚴重病例齒型上才會有明顯的改變，而切割隱形牙套對於加工設備的精度並沒有過高的要求。 因此，本研究旨在以低成本為目標開發一台原型機，該原型機使用固定角度的雕刻軸頭搭配旋轉軸，旋轉軸心與Z軸平行，設備主體框架採用類似於3D印表機的定柱式龍門結構，並採用開源的軟硬體，搭配步進馬達和開迴路控制系統，其外觀尺寸長410mm、寬521mm、高628mm，有效行程X軸190mm、Y軸350mm、Z軸100mm，治具檯面直徑為90mm。 最後，本研究對原型機的極限加工行程進行基礎幾何特徵的切削精度驗證，量測結果顯示，外型尺寸平均誤差百分比為0.531%，角度平均誤差百分比為0.086%，切削深度平均誤差百分比為2.86%，並成功完成了隱形牙套的實際切割。
並列摘要
The demand for invisible braces in the market today is gradually increasing. However, traditional CNC machining methods are not suitable for the characteristics of invisible braces. The introduction of foreign five-axis special equipment will result in high costs. Thus, this paper believes that it is necessary to develop a low-cost invisible braces processing method that meets the needs of the Taiwan market. It has been observed that the angle of the fifth axis changes significantly only in the machining of the end of the molars or in very special cases. Moreover, cutting invisible braces does not require high precision of processing equipment. Therefore, this study aims to develop a prototype machine with the goal of low cost. The prototype uses a fixed-angle engraving head paired with a rotating shaft. The axis of rotation is parallel to the Z axis while the main structure of the equipment adopts a fixed-column gantry structure similar to that of a 3D printer and adopt an open-source hardware and software with stepper motor and open loop control system. The appearance size of the prototype machine is 410mm in length, 521mm in width, and 628mm in height, and the effective stroke is 190mm on the X axis, 350mm on the Y axis, and 100mm on the Z axis. In this paper, the actual cutting verification of the limit machining stroke of the prototype machine is carried out. The accuracy verification results show that the average error percentage of the external dimension is 0.531% while the average error percentage of the angle is 0.086%. The average error percentage of the cutting depth is 2.86%. Finally, this article successfully completed the actual cutting of the invisible braces.