- 學位論文
楊梅錫福宮年例活動與重大祭典之研究
A Study on Annual Activities and Significant Ceremonies at Hsifu Temple in Yangmei
摘要
人們透過超自然力量之助，用以建構社區群體的界線。昔日對祭祀圈研究，較少探討純客庄。本研究透過祭典活動觀察人與神、人與人的互動關係，用以認識楊梅人的研究動機。企圖理解社區居民界定其地域性與界線的方式，並探討時代更迭中，楊梅人如何演化錫福宮常態性與非常態性祭典活動，而獲得意義與認同其民俗文化特殊性。本研究以文獻分析法及田野調查的非參與式觀察、非結構性訪談之研究方法，與社會學理論相互結合的關懷視角進行研究。研究發現： 1. 不同層次的社會組織、客家的特色民俗活動，集體意識認同而清楚定義出錫福宮祭祀圈； 2. 人與超自然力量結盟，互動過程象徵著「產品」向「生產者」的再生； 3. 年復一年的公共祭典、私領域祭祀活動，藉儀式力量協助社區獲得重生、轉化及循環； 4. 道壇與社區的相同信仰邏輯模式與世界觀，透過儀式來恢復此界與彼界的關係。 後續研究者可深入探討將稀缺的客家民俗活動之「請伯公看戲」、「中元普渡換香」之保存與傳承議題，以護衛客家民俗文化。本研究建議依「文資法」透過區公所輔導，擬定保存及傳承辦法，讓此兩個客家民俗文化活動得以持續性發展。
並列摘要
People have delineated the boundaries of their community groups through the frameworks of supernatural forces. Previous research on territorial cults in Taiwan, which comprise devotees in the same geographical region who worship the same deities and jointly arrange worship events at specific times, has rarely delved into communities consisting mainly of Hakka people. Accordingly, this study aimed to comprehend the sociocultural dynamics of the Yangmei District inhabitants by observing their ritual activities to examine the interactions between its inhabitants and deities, and among the inhabitants themselves. Specifically, the objective was to understand how community residents define their territoriality and boundaries. In addition, this study explored how, over the changing times, the inhabitants have transformed both the regular and irregular ritual activities of Yangmei Hsifu Temple and acquire a sense of meaning and identity within their unique folk culture. The research methods involved document analysis, nonparticipant observation in field research, and unstructured interviews, in combination with sociological theories to offer a comprehensive perspective. The following findings were obtained: 1. Various levels of social organizations and Hakka-specific folk activities jointly forge a collective consciousness that clearly defines the sacrificial circle of Hsifu Temple. 2. Affiliating with supernatural forces, the interactive process symbolizes the “product” regenerating towards its “producer.” 3. Yearly public festivals and private ritual activities harness the power of ceremonies to assist the community in rejuvenation, transformation, and cyclicality. 4. Both Taoist altars and the community share a shared logic system of belief and worldview and restore relationships between the realms of humans and deities through rituals. Future studies are recommended to further examine topics associated with the preservation and inheritance of unique Hakka folk activities, such as “inviting Bag Guong (Lord of the Earth) to watch traditional Hakka operas” and “exchange of incense sticks between the public and monks from temples during the Ghost Festival,” in order to conserve relevant folklore culture. In addition, guidance should be provided through district offices on the basis of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act to establish preservation measures to ensure the inheritance of traditional customs, thereby sustaining the continual development of these two Hakka cultural activities.